Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience (By Chapter) > Ch. 5: Development of Neuroscience > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Development of Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal

A
  • 8th week to birth
  • Brain formation continues
  • Myelination begins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pre-Embryonic

A
  • conception to 2nd week

- Before organs formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryonic

A

-2nd week to 8th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neural Plate

A
  • Root of all nerve cells

- all nerve cells grow from neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neural tube

A

-crests of neural groove grow and connect to form tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neural Crest

A
  • part of neural plate that got pinched off when neural tube formed
  • differentiates into all somatosensory neurons in body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neural Groove

A

-Valley in middle of neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neuropores

A
  • superior and inferior

- openings at top and bottom of neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mantle Layer

A
  • inner ring of cell bodies in neural tube

- grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marginal Layer

A
  • outer ring of axons/glia in neural tube

- white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motor Plate

A
  • (basal, ventral)
  • contains motor neurons–ventral horn
  • front of mantle layer will connect to myotome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neural Crest Diversification

A
  • Peripheral sensory neurons
  • myelin cells
  • autonomic neurons
  • endocrine organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Initial Brain Formation

A
  • Hind brain (medulla, pons, cerebellum)
  • Midbrain
  • Forebrain (cortical and subcortical structures)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Association Plate

A
  • (alar, dorsal)
  • contains interneurons and sensory neurons (dorsal horn)
  • dorsal mantle layer (will connect to dermatome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 Phases of Nervous System Development

A
  1. neural tube formation

2. initial brain formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mantle Divisions

A
  • Motor plate (myotome)

- Association Plate (dermatome)

17
Q

Somite

A
  • develops from mesoderm
  • cells on either side of neural tube
  • 3 Parts (sclerotome, myotome, dermatome)
18
Q

Sclerotome

A
  • becomes skull and vertebrae

- anteromedial part of somite

19
Q

Myotome

A
  • becomes skeletal muscles

- posteromedial part of somite

20
Q

Dermatome

A
  • becomes dermis

- Lateral part of somite

21
Q

Migration of Mantle Layer

A

-Grey matter from inner layer ziplines to outer layer of brain

22
Q

Neurons Differentiate After:

A

-migrating to their final location

23
Q

Growth Cone

A

-growing axon out toward target

24
Q

Neural Remodeling

A
  • at first we have way more neurons and connections than we need
  • activity shapes connections (increase or decrease strength)
25
Q

Axon retraction

A
  • the axon loses competition for permanent connection
  • pulls axon back (may go elsewhere or dies)
  • Synaptic pruning
26
Q

Fast Motor Neuron

A
  • Goes to fast twitch muscle
  • large axon diameter
  • highly myelinated
27
Q

Neuron Connections

A
  1. Growth Cone
  2. NT Release
  3. Synaptic Connections Formed
28
Q

Synaptic Connections Formed

A

-Axons differentiate based on connections they make

29
Q

Neuronal death

A

-doesn’t make valid connections and neuron dies

30
Q

Myelination

A
  • Begin at 4th fetal month

- end around 3 years

31
Q

Slow Motor Neuron

A
  • goes to slow twitch muscle
  • small axon diameter
  • less myelination
32
Q

Anencephaly

A
  • neural tube doesn’t close at top
  • only rudimentary brain stem; no cerebellar hemispheres
  • skull doesn’t form over incomplete brain
33
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A
  • Anencephaly
  • Arnold-Chiari Malformation
  • Spina Bifida
34
Q

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

A
  • neural tube and foramen magnum get out of alignment

- neural tube slides down and part of cerebellum, medulla and pons are out of foramen magnum and squished against bone.

35
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A
  • permanent, non-progressive damage to brain before, during or after birth
  • movement/posture disorders, cognitive, somatosensory, visual, auditory, speech deficits
  • deficits depend when damage occur
  • “growing into” deficits common
36
Q

Spina Bifida

A
  • failure of neural tube to close at bottom

- vertebrae don’t fully or close around the incomplete spinal cord

37
Q

“Growing Into”

A
  • different rates in different areas of myelination
  • peripheral motor (~1 month)
  • Central motor (~2 years)
  • May not know a disorder is there until kid is older

Neuroscience (By Chapter) (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions