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Neuroscience (By Chapter) > Ch. 14: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Ch. 14: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves involved in speaking

A

V, VII, X, XII

  • X (larynx, soft palate)
  • VII (lips)
  • V (Jaw)
  • XII (tongue)
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2
Q

Stages of Swallowing

A
  • Oral (V, VII, XII)
  • Laryngeal/Pharyngeal (IX, X)
  • Esophageal (X)
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3
Q

CN X dysfunction

A
  • hard to speak
  • hoarse voice
  • asymmetric elevation of soft palate
  • loss efferent gag
  • loss efferent swallow
  • poor digestion
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4
Q

CN I Function

A
  • Olfactory
  • Sensory=smell

(olfactory nerves and olfactory tract)

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5
Q

CN II Function

A
  • Optic
  • Sensory=vision

conscious vision/reflex (orient head–sup colliculi)

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6
Q

3 Functions of CN

A
  • motor innervation
  • somatosensory and special sensory innervation
  • parasympathetic innervation
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7
Q

CN I Dysfunction

A
  • unable to smell

- linked with parkinson’s and alzheimers (neurodegeneration)

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8
Q

CN II Dysfunction

A
  • blindness
  • loss of visual field

-Disrupted pupillary light reflex

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9
Q

CN IV function

A
  • Trochlear
  • (midbrain)
  • move eye medially and down toward tip of nose
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10
Q

Medial Longitudinal Fissure

A
  • interconnects CN III, IV, VI, vestiular nuclei and CN XI in brainstem
  • wiring bundle connect eye CN to each side to allow conjugate eye movement
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11
Q

3 Eye Reflexes

A
  • Pupillary Light Reflex
  • Consensual Light Reflex
  • Accommodation Reflex
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12
Q

CN VI Function

A
  • Abducens
  • (border of pons/medulla)
  • move eye toward ipsilateral ear
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13
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation to pupil and lens

A
  • CN III
  • innervates pupillary sphincter and ciliary Mm
  • constricts pupil for (near vision)
  • increases curvature of lens (for near vision)
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14
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

A
  • unconscious
  • Stimulus: light in one eye (CN II)
  • Response: constrict pupil (CN III)
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15
Q

Consensual Light Reflex

A
  • reflex only
  • Stimulus: light in one eye (CN II)
  • Response: constriction of both pupils (CN III)
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16
Q

CN III Function

A
  • occulomotor
  • (Midbrain)
  • sup rectus, med rectus, inf rectus, inf oblique

-move eye up, down and adduction

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17
Q

Ptosis

A
  • eyelid droops
  • (sign of Horner’s Syndrome)
  • CN III dysfunction
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18
Q

Accommodation Reflex

A
  • Consciously driven by visual cortex
  • Input: object close to face
  • Response: pupils constrict, eyes converge, lens more convex

(opposite with object far from face)

19
Q

CN III dysfunction

A
  • Ptosis
  • affected eye looks down and out
  • diplopia
  • can’t move eye med, up or down
  • dilation of pupil
  • decreased pupillary light reflex
  • decreased consensual light reflex
  • decreased constriction of pupil for near objects
20
Q

CN IV Dysfunction

A
  • can’t look down and inward
  • Extorsion due to unopposed action of inf oblique
  • (can result in tilted head to compensate for rotated eye)
21
Q

CN VI Dysfunction

A
  • can’t abd eye

- resting position of eye drifts medially

22
Q

Efferent CN V

A
  • Mm of mastication

- muscles that move jaw

23
Q

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Dysfunction

A
  • no conjugate eye movement

- CN still work but signal from one side doesn’t reach other

24
Q

Jaw Jerk Reflex

A

Stim: quick stretch to mastication Mm
Response: jaw Mm try to close mouth

25
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A
  • trigeminal nerve pain

- allodynia/hyperalgesia

26
Q

Afferent CN V

A
  • light touch, conscious proprioception, fast/slow pain

- all enter brainstem and cross midline then go to contralat parietal lobe

27
Q

CN V blink reflex

A

Stim: touch eye (CN V)
Response: blink/close eye (CN VII)

28
Q

CN V Dysfunction

A
  • decreased touch, pain, temp of face
  • decreased blink and jaw jerk reflex
  • trigeminal neuralgia
  • decreased chewing/talking
29
Q

CN VIII Dysfunction

A
  • dizziness/disequilibrium
  • hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural)
  • decreased location of sounds
30
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A
  • damage to receptor cells/cochlear nerve
  • Peripheral N (VIII): acoustic neroma, tinnitus, hearing loss (LMN)
  • Cochlear Nuclei/central pathway: damage to brainstem/brain (UMN)
31
Q

CN VII Dysfunction

A
  • paralysis/paresis of facial expression Mm on ipsilateral face
  • bell’s palsy: LMN damage to CN VII
  • can’t produce tears
32
Q

Conductive hearing Loss

A
  • impairment of converting air waves to water waves

- extensive wax/otitis media (inflamed middle ear)

33
Q

CN IV Dysfunction

A
  • decreased afferent gag reflex
  • decreased afferent swallow reflex
  • decreased salivation
34
Q

CN IX Function

A
  • Glossopharyngeal N
  • (sensory, motor, autonomic)
  • Sensory: back of tongue, soft palate, pharynx, taste (bitter)
  • sensory part of gag reflex
  • Autonomic: salivary
35
Q

CN XI Dysfunction

A
  • LMN: “flaccid” paralysis of ipsilateral upper trap and SCM

- UMN: “spastic” paresis of contralaterals upper trap and SCM

36
Q

CN XI Function

A
  • spinal accessory nerve
  • (Motor)
  • Trap/SCM Mm
37
Q

CN XII Function

A
  • hypoglossal
  • (motor)
  • intrinsic and extrinsic tongue Mm
38
Q

CN XII Dysfunction

A
  • atrophy ipsilateral tongue
  • tongue drift to side of lesion
  • difficult to speak/swallow
39
Q

CN VII Function

A
  • Motor: facial expression muscles
  • Parasymp: salivary, nasal and lacrimal glands
  • Sensory: taste, ant 2/3 tongue
40
Q

CN VIII Function

A
  • Vestibulocochlear N
  • (sensory)
  • frequency coding
  • different air cell area for each frequency
  • Sound goes to 3 places (inf colliculus, reticular fomation, auditory cortex)
41
Q

3 Places Sound Signals Go

A
  • Inf Colliculus: localize sound
  • Reticular formation: increase arousal in CNS
  • Auditory cortex: conscious recognition of sound
42
Q

3 Input Sources to CN LMN

A
  • Corticobulbar tract (LMN)
  • Descending Limbic Path (autonomic–>excitability)
  • Sensory Input (reflexes)
43
Q

CN V Function

A
  • Trigeminal N
  • (motor/sensory)
  • Sensory: opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
  • Afferent: sensation face
  • Efferent: mastication Mm
  • 2 reflexes (jaw jerk, blink)
44
Q

CN X Function

A
  • Vagus
  • (sens, motor, autonom)
  • Sensory: larynx, pharynx, viscera
  • Motor: larynx, pharynx, vocal cords
  • Autonomic: larynx, pharynx, trachea, lungs, heart, upper GI, pancreas, gall bladder

Neuroscience (By Chapter) (21 decks)

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