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Neuroscience (By Chapter) > Ch. 1: Intro to Neuroscience > Flashcards

Ch. 1: Intro to Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal N
Motor
Move tongue
From Medulla

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2
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory N
Motor
Trap/SCM
From Medulla

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3
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal N
Motor/Sensory
Taste, swallow, salivation
From Medulla

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4
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear N
Sensory
Hearing/balance
From Pons

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5
Q

CN VII

A 
Facial N
Motor/Sensory
Facial Mm for expression
Salivation/tears
Taste
From Pons
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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens N
Motor
Move eye laterally
From Pons

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7
Q

CN V

A 
Trigeminal N
Motor/Sensory
Face Sensation
Mastication Mm
From Pons
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8
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear N
Motor
Move eye down and medially
From Midbrain

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9
Q

CN III

A 
Occulomotor N
Motor
Eye movement, up/down/medially
Sympathetic: open eyelid, constrict pupil
From midbrain
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10
Q

CN II

A

Optic N
Sensory
Vision

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11
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory N
Sensory
Smell

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12
Q

Neuroscience

A

Science concerned with development, chemistry, structure & function & pathology of nervous system

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13
Q

Efferent

A

Away from core
Down and out
Motor

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14
Q

2 spinal cord functions

A 
conduct info (brain-->body, body-->brain)
Process info (interneurons/synapses)
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15
Q

3 sections of brainstem

A

Medulla, pons, midbrain

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16
Q

Medulla Parts

A

(Olive), Pyramids

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17
Q

Spinal Horns

A

Made up of grey matter

Dorsal=sensory cell bodies
Anterior=motor cell bodies

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18
Q

Brainstem function

A

Life sustaining functions

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19
Q

Nerves originating from medulla

A

IX, X, XI, XII

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20
Q

Decussation

A

Crossing over of signals in pyramid of medulla

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21
Q

Bulge of Pons

A

cell connections to make copy of motor plans to send to cerebellum

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22
Q

Pyramid of Medulla

A

2 elongated ridges along ant midline of medulla

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23
Q

Nerves originating from Pons

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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24
Q

Nerves originating from Midbrain

A

III, IV

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25
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A
  • ant, top of midbrain
  • bundles of white matter from cerebrum to pons
  • efferent/motor
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26
Q

Superior colliculi

A

process visual info

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27
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

process auditory info

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28
Q

cerebellum hemispheres

A

coordinate movement of legs and arms

split by vermis

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29
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

group of leaky blood vessels (strainer)

interface between brain and blood

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30
Q

Foramina of Monro

A

(2 of them)

Canal between lateral ventricles & 3rd ventricle

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31
Q

CSF

A
  • strained watery blood once it’s filtered through the choroid plexus
  • regulates extracellular environment
  • physically protects the CNS
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32
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

(2 of them)
‘C’ shaped in sagittal view
butterfly shaped in coronal view

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33
Q

Ventricles

A

Water balloons in brain filled with CSF
2 lateral
3rd
4th

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34
Q

Central canal of spinal cord

A

unfilled water balloon in spinal canal that collapses during growth

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35
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

canal from 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

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36
Q

Foramina of Luscka (2) & Foramen of Magendie (1)

A

3 holes to let CSF out of brain

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37
Q

Meninges

A
  • (Walls of water balloons in brain/spinal cord)
  • connective tissue
  • dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
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38
Q

Dura Mater

A 
Toughest, outermost of the meninges
2 layers (outer and inner)
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39
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Inner layer of dura mater between occipital lobe and cerebellum

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40
Q

Outer Dura Mater

A

Toughest layer

furthest outside brain and spinal cord

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41
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Inner dura mater in longitudinal fissure

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42
Q

Dural sinuses

A

(Gutters)

  • gap in dura between inner and outer layers
  • used up CSF dumps here to go back to heart
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43
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A
  • Just inside dura mater with spiderweb projectins going to hemispheres
  • CSF flows in cobwebs
  • Cushion brain and spinal cord
44
Q

Arachnoid Granulations

A

‘Grapes’ on arachnoid villi that strain used CSF into dural sinuses

45
Q

Peripheral N Vascular Supply

A

Each N has a rich arterial supply

46
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery

A
  • On anterior midline of entire length of spinal cord

- Supplies ant 1/2 spinal canal (motor area)

47
Q

Arachnoid Villi

A

(Villi=fingers)

Projections from arachnoid through dura, into the sinuses (on top are arachnoid granulations)

48
Q

Pia mater

A
  • innermost connective tissue layer right against brain tissue
  • CSF above pia
  • Keeps water out of brain
49
Q

Vascular supply to Spinal cord

A

Anterior (1) and posterior (2) spinal arteries

50
Q

Posterior Spinal Arteries

A

(2)

  • on posterolateral spinal cord, running the entire length
  • supply the posterior cord (sensory area)
51
Q

Cerebellum Vermis

A
  • midline of cerebellum

- help control trunk

52
Q

Cerebrum

A

Folded brain matter “on top” of everything

53
Q

Fissure

A

deep valley

54
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • Everything with “thalamus” in name

- collection of cell bodies that route sensory info

55
Q

Sulcus

A

Shallow Valley

56
Q

Gyrus

A

Hump between valleys

57
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Somatosensory

58
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Process auditory info

59
Q

Limbic System

A

Fleeing, fighting, feeding, fornication

60
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • Motor Control

- Executive functions (planning, problem solving)

61
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

process visual info

62
Q

Afferent

A

Toward core
in and up
sensory

63
Q

Limbic lobe

A
  • Deep cortex covering midbrain, thalamus, and basal ganglia

- emotional control and emotional processing

64
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

front to back fissure between L & R hemispheres

65
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

Separates temporal lobe from parietal lobe

inside is insular lobe

66
Q

Insular Lobe

A

Inside lateral sulcus

67
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Separates frontal lobe from parietal

Separation of motor from sensory

68
Q

Parietoccipital Sulcus

A

Separates parietal and occipital lobes

69
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

(Limbic sulcus)

Separates frontal and limbic lobe

70
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A
  • post to central sulcus

- somatosensory function

71
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • Horizontal connections of L & R Hemispheres

- Just above thalamus and basal ganglia and below limbic lobe

72
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A
  • Ant to central sulcus

- Motor function

73
Q

Connections (2)

A

Corpus callosum

Internal Capsule

74
Q

Internal capsule

A
  • Bundle of white matter connecting cerebrum to subcortical structures
  • Anterior=motor
  • Posterior=sensory
75
Q

Vertebral Arteries

A
  • From L & R subclavian Aa, through transverse foramen to brain
  • gives off: ant spinal A, Post spinal Aa, post inf cerebellar Aa
  • Comes together to form: basilar A
76
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A

A
  • From vertebral Aa

- Supply bottom, back of cerebellum

77
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A

A
  • From basilar A

- Supplies front bottom of cerebellum

78
Q

Posterior Circulation

A 
Vertebral Aa
Post inf cerebellar Aa
Basilar A
Ant Inf Cerebellar Aa
Superior Cerebellar Aa
Post Cerebral Aa
79
Q

Superior cerebellar A

A
  • From basilar A

- Supplies top of cerebellum

80
Q

Posterior cerebral Aa

A
  • 2 branches where basilar A splits
  • supplies post cerebral cortex–occipital lobe (some temporal)
  • sends branches to midbrain
81
Q

Internal Carotid Aa

A
  • Through foramen lacerum to brain
  • Branches into Ant and middle cerebral Aa
  • Part of circle of Willis
82
Q

Anterior Circulation

A

Internal carotid Aa
Ant/mid/post cerebral Aa
Circle of willis

83
Q

Anterior Cerebral Aa

A
  • Direct branch of internal carotid A

- Supply top front of both hemispheres (mohawk of brain)

84
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Roundabout at bottom of brain where blood supplies join together side to side and front to back
Made of: ant/post cerebral Aa, Int carotid Aa, Ant/post communicating Aa

85
Q

Anterior Communicating A

A

Little artery linking L & R ant cerebral Aa

86
Q

Aa to deep structures

A
  • branches from middle and post cerebral Aa
  • ant/post choroidal Aa
  • Med/lat striate Aa
87
Q

Medial/Lateral Striate Aa

A

around basal ganglia

88
Q

Posterior Communicating A

A
  • Join L & R posteriorly

- Between internal carotid and posterior cerebral Aa

89
Q

Ant & Post Choroidal Aa

A
  • Deep around 1st-3rd ventricle

- Supply some of choroid plexus

90
Q

Superior Sagittal Sinus

A
  • sits on top of longitudinal fissure, front to back

- dumps into transverse sinus

91
Q

Transverse Sinus

A
  • Starts where sup & inf sagittal sinus meet and wraps toward ears, laterally
  • Dumps into jugular veins
92
Q

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

A
  • Rides in floor of longitudinal fissure

- Dumps into transverse Sinus

93
Q

Jugular Vv

A

-Take used CSF & blood from head back to heart for recirculation

94
Q

Spinal Columns

A
  • white matter
  • dorsal=sensory
  • lateral=autonomic & motor
  • anterior=motor
95
Q

3 functional divisions of brain

A

brainstem
limbic system
neocortex

96
Q

tectum

A

4 bumps (colliculi) on back of midbrain

97
Q

Motor Learning

A

repetition, with intent & results

98
Q

CSF circulation pathway

A

Heart-Aorta-Carotid Aa-choroid plexus-lat ventricles-foramina of monro-3rd ventricle-cerebral aqueduct-4th ventricle-foramina of luschka-foramen of magendie-central canal of spinal cord

99
Q

3rd ventricle

A
  • at midline between thalami

- keeps thalami from bumping

100
Q

4th ventricle

A
  • sits behind pons and in front of cerebellum

- cushion between cerebellum & pons

101
Q

Inner dura mater

A

inner layers of dura mater that protrude into fissures of brain (falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli)

102
Q

Basal ganglia

A
  • 2 clusters of nerve cells at base of cerebrum that are ant and slightly lat to thalamus
  • involved in motor planning
103
Q

Basilar A

A
  • Made of 2 vertebral Aa
  • Sits on front of pons
  • Supplies whole pons and part of cerebellum
104
Q

Middle Cerebral a

A
  • Direct branch of int carotid A
  • Goes laterally from int carotid through lateral sulcus
  • supplies middle outside of cerebral cortex (headphones of brain)
105
Q

3 Major dural Sinuses

A

superior sagittal
inferior sagittal
transverse

106
Q

Midbrain parts

A

Cerebral peduncles

Tectum

Neuroscience (By Chapter) (21 decks)

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