Ch 7. Metabolic Pathway & Energy Production Flashcards
what does UUN stand for
urinary urea nitrogen
what does a UUN test measure
amount of nitrogen in the urine
what percentage of protein is nitrogen
16%
when you are exerting more nitrogen than you are ingesting, you are:
decreasing lean tissue
what is the only form of energy, manufactured by the mitochondira, that muscles can use
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
what is anaerobic glycolysis
energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes
what is the chief carbohydrate storage form of glucose
muscle glycogen
how many seconds of ATP are stored in cells for immediate use
4 seconds
during a muscle contraction, the muscle cell membrane is:
impermeable; nothing can get in or out of the cells
what is anaerobic glycolysis
the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen
what is pyruvate
the end product of glycolysis in the presence of oxygen
T/F: During the performance of aerobic activity, increasing amounts of fatty acids and oxygen are used for ATP production; this process is called aerobic metabolism and it will always occur during the proper performance of weight resistance training as well.
false
what is another term for aerobic metabolism
cell respiration
what is the citric acid cycle
the system of events by which all of the processes involved in the metabolic chain of chemical reactions to generate energy
what is oxidative phosphorylation
the metabolic pathway where energy that is release by the oxidation of chemical compounds are used to form ATP
what happens in the electron transport chain
chemical compounds generated during energy production are oxidized
fatty acids are converted into Acetyl CoA by ________; and carbohydrates are converted into Acetyl CoA by _______
beta oxidation; glycolysis
what can trigger catabolism
intramuscular factors
hormone activation of enzymes
sympathetic nervous system activation
what is a growth hormone
a stress hormone released from the anterior pituitary, raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids and stimulates cell reproduction
what are the two primary hormones in normal metabolism
glucagon and insulin
what hormone inhibits anabolic processes when secreted
glucagon
what is VO2Max
the maximum amount of oxygen that your body can use during exercise
T/F: the body’s optimum duration, at 60% VO2Max intensity, where fat is being burned, without burning muscle, is 90 minutes
false
the Karvonen formula offers a standard method for finding _____
exercise heart rate
what is the equation for the Karvonen formula
RestHR + [intensity level x (MaxHR - RestHR)] = ExHR
as someone gets into better aerobic condition, what change occurs which promotes fat utilization
increase in muscle energy stores
The hormonal response that takes place, as someone’s aerobic condition improves, will cause a decrease in the amount of glycogen and the amount of blood glucose being used for energy; this is called the:
glycogen sparing effect
T/F: as someone gets into better aerobic condition, the intramuscular triacyglycerol content is enhanced in white, fast twitch fibers, and increased hormonal response takes place
false
