Ch 7. Metabolic Pathway & Energy Production

Question 1

what does UUN stand for

Answer 1

urinary urea nitrogen

Question 2

what does a UUN test measure

Answer 2

amount of nitrogen in the urine

Question 3

what percentage of protein is nitrogen

Answer 3

16%

Question 4

when you are exerting more nitrogen than you are ingesting, you are:

Answer 4

decreasing lean tissue

Question 5

what is the only form of energy, manufactured by the mitochondira, that muscles can use

Answer 5

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 6

what is anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 6

energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes

Question 7

what is the chief carbohydrate storage form of glucose

Answer 7

muscle glycogen

Question 8

how many seconds of ATP are stored in cells for immediate use

Answer 8

4 seconds

Question 9

during a muscle contraction, the muscle cell membrane is:

Answer 9

impermeable; nothing can get in or out of the cells

Question 10

what is anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 10

the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen

Question 11

what is pyruvate

Answer 11

the end product of glycolysis in the presence of oxygen

Question 12

T/F: During the performance of aerobic activity, increasing amounts of fatty acids and oxygen are used for ATP production; this process is called aerobic metabolism and it will always occur during the proper performance of weight resistance training as well.

Answer 12

false

Question 13

what is another term for aerobic metabolism

Answer 13

cell respiration

Question 14

what is the citric acid cycle

Answer 14

the system of events by which all of the processes involved in the metabolic chain of chemical reactions to generate energy

Question 15

what is oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 15

the metabolic pathway where energy that is release by the oxidation of chemical compounds are used to form ATP

Question 16

what happens in the electron transport chain

Answer 16

chemical compounds generated during energy production are oxidized

Question 17

fatty acids are converted into Acetyl CoA by ________; and carbohydrates are converted into Acetyl CoA by _______

Answer 17

beta oxidation; glycolysis

Question 18

what can trigger catabolism

Answer 18

intramuscular factors
hormone activation of enzymes
sympathetic nervous system activation

Question 19

what is a growth hormone

Answer 19

a stress hormone released from the anterior pituitary, raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids and stimulates cell reproduction

Question 20

what are the two primary hormones in normal metabolism

Answer 20

glucagon and insulin

Question 21

what hormone inhibits anabolic processes when secreted

Answer 21

glucagon

Question 22

what is VO2Max

Answer 22

the maximum amount of oxygen that your body can use during exercise

Question 23

T/F: the body’s optimum duration, at 60% VO2Max intensity, where fat is being burned, without burning muscle, is 90 minutes

Answer 23

false

Question 24

the Karvonen formula offers a standard method for finding _____

Answer 24

exercise heart rate

Question 25

what is the equation for the Karvonen formula

Answer 25

RestHR + [intensity level x (MaxHR - RestHR)] = ExHR

Question 26

as someone gets into better aerobic condition, what change occurs which promotes fat utilization

Answer 26

increase in muscle energy stores

Question 27

The hormonal response that takes place, as someone’s aerobic condition improves, will cause a decrease in the amount of glycogen and the amount of blood glucose being used for energy; this is called the:

Answer 27

glycogen sparing effect

Question 28

T/F: as someone gets into better aerobic condition, the intramuscular triacyglycerol content is enhanced in white, fast twitch fibers, and increased hormonal response takes place

Answer 28

false