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NFPT > Ch 4. Skeletal Muscle: Structure & Function > Flashcards

Ch 4. Skeletal Muscle: Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

what type of muscle tissue has rhythmic contractions controlled by the central nervous system

A

cardiac

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2
Q

which type of muscle tissue maintains the flow of fluids and food along its structures

A

smooth

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3
Q

what type of muscle tissue aids in locomotion movement

A

skeletal

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4
Q

during what rep range does Myofibril failure occur

A

4-6 rep range

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5
Q

what are myofibrils

A

bundles of protein filaments that contain contractile elements for strength and performance of muscles

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6
Q

what makes up myofibrils

A

actin and myosin

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7
Q

what is actin and myosin

A

two protein molecules in muscles mainly involved in muscle contraction

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8
Q

the greater the oxygen taken up by the muscle during resistance exercise, the slower the use of _______.

A

stored muscle glycogen

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9
Q

which type of muscle can maintain a slow, involuntary contraction for long periods

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

which type of muscle is capable of slow or fast voluntary contractions

A

skeletal muscle

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11
Q

intermediate failure occurs to what type of muscle fiber

A

red, fast twitch

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12
Q

approximately what percentage of the cells in your body are muscle tissue cells

A

60%

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13
Q

during what rep range does mitochondrial failure occure

A

20-25

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14
Q

what is the cause of mitochondrial contractile failure

A

depleted energy stores and an excessive accumulation of lactic acid

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15
Q

what is the smallest unit of a chemical compound

A

molecule

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16
Q

what is the molecular size progression from smallest to largest

A

molecule
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ system
organism
(Mary Organizes Cell Towers Over On Oliver)

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17
Q

T/F: different muscles of the same group may have more than one origin but they will share a common insertion

A

true

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18
Q

resistance exercise and a healthy diet will promote the body’s use of ____ to provide fatty acids and glycerol to replete the exhausted muscle stores

A

adipose tissue

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19
Q

which muscle fiber component is the functional unites of skeletal muscle occurring in repeating segments along the myofibril

A

sarcomeres

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20
Q

which muscle fiber component is the viscous material that encloses individual fibers

A

sarcoplasm

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21
Q

which muscle fiber component releases calcium ions during muscle contraction and absorbs them during relaxation

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

which muscle fiber component is the membrane that myofibrils are wrapped in

A

sarcolemma

23
Q

to optimize the fat conversion effects of resistance training, perform:

A

high rep, low intensity, long duration using compound movements

24
Q

what is a contraindication to exercise when referring to resistance exercise and weight management

A

recent myocardial infarction, complete heart block, extreme muscle soreness, joint pain, ect.

25
Q

what is a motor unit made up of

A

one motor neuron, its axon and muscle fibers that are of the same type

26
Q

what happens to a motor unit when it is activated

A

all of its fibers contract

27
Q

what does the mitochondria do

A

produce energy needed for daily activity and recovery

28
Q

an individual muscle fiber, or _____, is the actual cell found in the muscle tissue

A

myocyte

29
Q

where are free ribosomes found

A

floating inside cell cytoplasm

30
Q

where are membrane bound ribosomes found

A

rough sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

ribosomes are

A

protein builders

32
Q

the mitochondira produces energy aerobically in the form of what

A

ATP

33
Q

what is ATP and how is it used

A

source of energy use and storage. used during contractions as well as for daily activity and recover of energy needs

34
Q

what is Dynamic Constant External Resistance (DCER)

A

resistance training where joint flexion and extension occur with each repetition & resistance does not change
(typical DB, BB, BW exercises)

35
Q

what is Dynamic Variable External Resistance (DVER)

A

external resistance is variable (can be seen when movement changes radius)

36
Q

what is isotonic concentric contraction

A

shortening of the length of the muscle occurs when lifting a given load.

“positive lifting” where weight/tension stay constant and speed & number or reps can vary

37
Q

all fiber types have:

A

exactly the same internal components, but of varying numbers and sizes

38
Q

what decides muscle fiber types

A

how powerful/strong motor neuron impulse is

39
Q

what type of motor neuron impulse is given to a fast twitch motor unit

A

strong, more efficient impulse

40
Q

T/F: white, slow twitch fibers have a much larger number of mitochondria by comparison to the other types allowing for a much longer duration of contraction

A

false: RED/FAST twitch fibers have more mitochondria allowing for longer contraction duration

41
Q

what fiber type has very few mitochondria, restricting the duration of its contraction

A

white, fast twitch

42
Q

what is the order of motor unit recruitment in a high rep set?

A

red, slow (Type I)
red, fast (Type IIa)
white, fast (Type IIb)

43
Q

what motor unit is known to have the greatest potential for growth

A

white, fast twitch

44
Q

what does depleting energy recruitment result in

A

increased muscle energy storage, but minimizes the involvement and growth of the white, fast twitch motor units

45
Q

what is ballistic training

A

“power training” or “Olympic style lifting

athlete lifts, accelerates, and then immediately releases the weight, rather than slowing lowering it. forcing the recruitment of fast twitch muscle fibers

46
Q

what is Contractile Speed Recruitment

A

type of motor unit recruitment that requires a maximum contraction against a sub-maximal resistance, and forcing the recruitment of fast twitch fibers (seen when performing olympic style lifting)

47
Q

what is Proprioceptive Neural Facilitation (PNF)

A

PNF is a stretching teqnique that uses the reflexive relaxation reaction of the antagonist muscle/s during the contraction

48
Q

what is the Golgi Tendon Organ and what is its role in muscle contraction

A

GTO is a sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibers of a tendon.

GTO protects against too much contractile force by shutting down the muscle contraction just short of injury

49
Q

is “The Pump” food for size and strength increase

A

No because it inhibits contractions causing premature failure

50
Q

what are white, fast twitch motor unites responsible for

A

short-term energy

51
Q

what is the optimum rep range to use for mitochondrial failure

A

20-25

52
Q

what is muscle energy production in the absence of oxygen called

A

anaerobic

53
Q

what is muscle energy production in the presence of oxygen called

A

aerobic

NFPT (19 decks)

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