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NFPT > Ch 6. Physiology of Nutrient Metabolism > Flashcards

Ch 6. Physiology of Nutrient Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what is metabolism

A

all physical and chemical reactions in the body that convert energy

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2
Q

what does the liver change all simple sugars into

A

glucose

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3
Q

what are the stages of the digestive process

A
  1. ingestion
  2. digestion
  3. absorption
  4. utilization
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4
Q

what is the utilization stage

A

the final stage in digestion process where the nutrient molecules are transported to the appropriate locations to be used or stored

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5
Q

what is the absorption stage

A

the 3rd stage in the digestion process where its the movement of the molecules across the lining of the small intestine into the blood stream

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6
Q

how much cholesterol does the liver produce in the body

A

80%

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7
Q

what do baroreceptors do

A

detect blood pressure

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8
Q

to restore homeostasis, signals will be sent to the ___ if/when imbalances in blood chemicals or blood pressure are detected

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

what hormones does the pancreas secrete to regulate blood sugar

A

glucagon and insulin

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10
Q

which hormone is responsible for removing glucose from the blood stream

A

insulin

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11
Q

what are the two parts of nutrient metabolism

A

Anabolsim & Catabolism

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12
Q

what is anabolism

A

part of nutrient metabolism that synthesis of all compounds needed by the cel

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13
Q

what is catabolism

A

part of nutrient metabolism that breakdowns the molecules for energy

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14
Q

T/F: as a personal trainer, you should give specific advice to your clients regarding portion sizes and individualized meal plan

A

false

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15
Q

if there is an over abundance of glucose to be stored as a result of ingesting too many simple sugars, where is it stored

A

fat cells

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16
Q

why would the liver not be able to provide glucose for the blood

A

over-exertive exercises
extreme fasting/dieting
liver disease or failure

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17
Q

T/F: If glucagon reaches the liver and for some reason the liver cannot provide glucose for the blood, a sequence of events occurs that results in the repair and reconstruction of blood proteins and organ and muscle tissue to get the needed glucose energy.

A

False

18
Q

when is the optimal time for ingesting simple sugar

A

immediately following an intense workout

19
Q

what type of fiber is not digestible

A

insoluble

20
Q

what type of fiber is digestible

A

soluble

21
Q

At least how many grams of carbohydrates should be ingested daily, by the average healthy adult, to spare amino acids, proteins and other energy reserves from being converted and used for energy?

A

156 grams

22
Q

what is the only usable form of simple sugar in the body

A

glucose

23
Q

in the absence of ____ during intense aerobic activity, muscle tissue will be _____ to provide for the balance of the energy needed to keep up with demand

A

glucose; cannibalized

24
Q

what is a method for avoiding the occurrence of cannibalism of intracellular proteins in the working muscles during intense resistance exercise

A

eat protein regularly and ingest an easily absorbable carbohydrate about 15 minutes before workouts

25
Q

T/F: during periods of inactivity, Insulin Receptor Sites become less responsive

A

True

26
Q

what are a few factors that one can struggle with when unable to loose weight

A

heredity factors
over-consumption of junk food

27
Q

what are ingested fats broken down into

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterols

28
Q

what are chylomicrons

A

the packaged form of broken down fats that provides for fat transport to adipose tissue or liver

29
Q

what enzyme acts on protein in the stomach

A

pepsin

30
Q

how many grams of protein can be assimilated in 3-4 hours

A

20

31
Q

what can an amino acid enter the metabolic process as

A

pyruvate or acetyl CoA

32
Q

if the duration of intense exercise is too great, _______ are depleted and must be replaced immediately, this replenishment takes precedence over tissue repair

A

catalysts

33
Q

what are proteins broken down into

A

amino acids

34
Q

what is the only usable form of simple sugar in the body and the brains only source of energy

A

glucose

35
Q

what is gluconeogenesis

A

process by which the liver converts proteins and body tissue into glucose for energy

36
Q

what are some functions of the live

A
  1. produces substance that breaks down fats
  2. makes certain amino acids
  3. converts glucose to glycogen
37
Q

what is the basic function of amino acids once taken up by muscle cells

A

protein synthesis

38
Q

what is protein synthesis

A

the repairing and building of new tissue

39
Q

one gram of carbohydrate has a caloric value of

A

4 calories

40
Q

one gram of fat has a caloric value of

A

9 calories

41
Q

one gram of protein has a caloric value of

A

4 calories

NFPT (19 decks)

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