Ch 6. Physiology of Nutrient Metabolism

Question 1

what is metabolism

Answer 1

all physical and chemical reactions in the body that convert energy

Question 2

what does the liver change all simple sugars into

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

what are the stages of the digestive process

Answer 3

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption
4. utilization

Question 4

what is the utilization stage

Answer 4

the final stage in digestion process where the nutrient molecules are transported to the appropriate locations to be used or stored

Question 5

what is the absorption stage

Answer 5

the 3rd stage in the digestion process where its the movement of the molecules across the lining of the small intestine into the blood stream

Question 6

how much cholesterol does the liver produce in the body

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

what do baroreceptors do

Answer 7

detect blood pressure

Question 8

to restore homeostasis, signals will be sent to the ___ if/when imbalances in blood chemicals or blood pressure are detected

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

what hormones does the pancreas secrete to regulate blood sugar

Answer 9

glucagon and insulin

Question 10

which hormone is responsible for removing glucose from the blood stream

Answer 10

insulin

Question 11

what are the two parts of nutrient metabolism

Answer 11

Anabolsim & Catabolism

Question 12

what is anabolism

Answer 12

part of nutrient metabolism that synthesis of all compounds needed by the cel

Question 13

what is catabolism

Answer 13

part of nutrient metabolism that breakdowns the molecules for energy

Question 14

T/F: as a personal trainer, you should give specific advice to your clients regarding portion sizes and individualized meal plan

Answer 14

false

Question 15

if there is an over abundance of glucose to be stored as a result of ingesting too many simple sugars, where is it stored

Answer 15

fat cells

Question 16

why would the liver not be able to provide glucose for the blood

Answer 16

over-exertive exercises
extreme fasting/dieting
liver disease or failure

Question 17

T/F: If glucagon reaches the liver and for some reason the liver cannot provide glucose for the blood, a sequence of events occurs that results in the repair and reconstruction of blood proteins and organ and muscle tissue to get the needed glucose energy.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

when is the optimal time for ingesting simple sugar

Answer 18

immediately following an intense workout

Question 19

what type of fiber is not digestible

Answer 19

insoluble

Question 20

what type of fiber is digestible

Answer 20

soluble

Question 21

At least how many grams of carbohydrates should be ingested daily, by the average healthy adult, to spare amino acids, proteins and other energy reserves from being converted and used for energy?

Answer 21

156 grams

Question 22

what is the only usable form of simple sugar in the body

Answer 22

glucose

Question 23

in the absence of ____ during intense aerobic activity, muscle tissue will be _____ to provide for the balance of the energy needed to keep up with demand

Answer 23

glucose; cannibalized

Question 24

what is a method for avoiding the occurrence of cannibalism of intracellular proteins in the working muscles during intense resistance exercise

Answer 24

eat protein regularly and ingest an easily absorbable carbohydrate about 15 minutes before workouts

Question 25

T/F: during periods of inactivity, Insulin Receptor Sites become less responsive

Answer 25

True

Question 26

what are a few factors that one can struggle with when unable to loose weight

Answer 26

heredity factors over-consumption of junk food

Question 27

what are ingested fats broken down into

Answer 27

triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterols

Question 28

what are chylomicrons

Answer 28

the packaged form of broken down fats that provides for fat transport to adipose tissue or liver

Question 29

what enzyme acts on protein in the stomach

Answer 29

pepsin

Question 30

how many grams of protein can be assimilated in 3-4 hours

Answer 30

20

Question 31

what can an amino acid enter the metabolic process as

Answer 31

pyruvate or acetyl CoA

Question 32

if the duration of intense exercise is too great, _______ are depleted and must be replaced immediately, this replenishment takes precedence over tissue repair

Answer 32

catalysts

Question 33

what are proteins broken down into

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

what is the only usable form of simple sugar in the body and the brains only source of energy

Answer 34

glucose

Question 35

what is gluconeogenesis

Answer 35

process by which the liver converts proteins and body tissue into glucose for energy

Question 36

what are some functions of the live

Answer 36

1. produces substance that breaks down fats 2. makes certain amino acids 3. converts glucose to glycogen

Question 37

what is the basic function of amino acids once taken up by muscle cells

Answer 37

protein synthesis

Question 38

what is protein synthesis

Answer 38

the repairing and building of new tissue

Question 39

one gram of carbohydrate has a caloric value of

Answer 39

4 calories

Question 40

one gram of fat has a caloric value of

Answer 40

9 calories

Question 41

one gram of protein has a caloric value of

Answer 41

4 calories