Ch 5. Cardiac & Smooth Muscle: Structure & Function

Question 1

what are the smooth muscles in the body

Answer 1

digestive
respiratory
vascular tissue

Question 2

describe the systemic circulation process

Answer 2

entire process which oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart to the body

Question 3

describe the pulmonary circulation process

Answer 3

process which the blood flows between the heart and lungs

Question 4

what is the right and left side of the heart each responsible for

Answer 4

RIGHT SIDE: pulmonary circulatory functions

LEFT SIDE: rest of the body

Question 5

what does coronary circulation refer to

Answer 5

the movement of blood through the heart

Question 6

how does the left ventricle wall of the heart adapt to resistance training

Answer 6

it gets thicker and stronger, due to the increase in plasma

Question 7

how does the left ventricle wall of the heart adapt to aerobic training

Answer 7

it becomes thinner with increased blood capacity

Question 8

arteries carry blood ____

Answer 8

away from the heart

Question 9

veins carry blood ____

Answer 9

towards the heart

Question 10

what are the 2 main categories of fluids and what do they do

Answer 10

intracellular & extracellular fluids; they constantly move across separating membranes in order to maintain osmosis

Question 11

what is intracellular fluid

Answer 11

fluid found inside the cell itself and is separated by membranes into compartments that house separate cellular components

(ALSO CALLED CYTOSOL)

Question 12

what is extracellular fluid

Answer 12

fluid that is found outside of the cell; includes blood plasma & interstitial fluid

Question 13

what is blood plasma

Answer 13

type of extracellular fluid & is vital to the movement of elements in the blood (like hormones, proteins, and nutrients) through the circulatory system to where the body needs them

(ALSO CALLED INTRAVASCULAR FLUID)

Question 14

what is interstital fluid

Answer 14

communicates with the plasma to deliver materials to the cells and remove metabolic waste

Question 15

what is stroke volume (SV)

Answer 15

actual amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart in one beat

Question 16

how do you find Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 16

Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)

Question 17

what is hemoglobin

Answer 17

a protein that carries oxygen in the blood to the body

Question 18

what is myoglobin

Answer 18

a protein carrier of oxygen in the muscle tissues

Question 19

what is arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2)

Answer 19

difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood

Question 20

how do you find a-vO2 difference

Answer 20

oxygenated blood (concentration of arterial blood) - deoxygenated blood (oxygen concentration of venous blood)

Question 21

what does insulin do

Answer 21

removes glucose from the blood stream

Question 22

what is known as “bad cholesterol”

Answer 22

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 23

what helps lower “bad cholesterol”

Answer 23

aerobic exercise

Question 24

what is “good cholesterol”

Answer 24

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 25

what helps raise “good cholesterol”

Answer 25

exercise

Question 26

if the clients BP is 162/95 mmHg, what BP category would they be in

Answer 26

Hypertension Stage 2

Question 27

what is systolic pressure

Answer 27

the contraction phase in a single cycle of cardiac activity where blood is ejected into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Question 28

what phase has the higher number in a blood pressure reading

Answer 28

systolic

Question 29

what is diastolic pressure

Answer 29

the contraction phase in a period of time when the ventricles are relaxed and blood is going from the left & right atrium into the left and right ventricle