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NFPT > Ch 3. Anatomical Terms and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ch 3. Anatomical Terms and Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what occurs in an isometric contraction

A

no movement takes place due to the load on the muscle is greater than the generated tension

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2
Q

what occurs in an isokinetic contraction

A

the muscle contracts and shortens at a constant rate of speed and allows the muscle to gain strength evenly all through the ROM

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3
Q

what occurs in an isotonic contraction

A

“simple contraction” movement occurs because the load on the muscle is less than the generated tension.
HAS TWO TYPES

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4
Q

Concentric (isotonic) Contraction

A

muscle belly shortens in length and the angle at the joint decreases

“positive” part of contraction

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5
Q

Eccentric (isotonic) contraction

A

muscle belly increases in length and the angle at the joint increases

“negative” part of contraction

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6
Q

what are the two types of isotonic contraction

A

concentric and eccentric

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7
Q

what is internal rotation

A

movement of body part towards the axis/center of body

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8
Q

what is external rotation

A

movement of body part away from axis/center of body

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9
Q

what is hyperextension

A

extension beyond normal limits, over extended

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10
Q

what is hypotension

A

extension that is less than normal, under-extended

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11
Q

what is gliding

A

movement of non-angular joint over each other

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12
Q

what is deviation

A

departure from the midline

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13
Q

what is plantarflexion

A

pointing foot downward

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14
Q

what is dorsiflexion

A

pointing foot up towards the shin

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15
Q

describe the saggital plane

A

vertical plane
DIVIDES: left and right sides
MOTION: flexion/extension

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16
Q

describe frontal plane

A

(also called coronal plane)

vertical plane
DIVIDES: front and back
MOTION: abduction/adduction

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17
Q

describe transverse plane

A

horizontal plane
DIVIDES: inferior and superior parts
MOTION: internal/external rotation

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18
Q

what bones make up axial skeleton

A

trunk or center of body (includes skull)

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19
Q

what bones make up appendicular skeleton

A

limbs and upper/lower extermities

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20
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints and describe them

A
  1. Ligamentous - immovable
  2. Cartilaginous - slightly moveable
  3. Synovial - highly moveable
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21
Q

what type of joint is a shoulder joint

A

ball and socket, synovial joint

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22
Q

what type of joint is a knee joint

A

hinge, synovial joint

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23
Q

what type of joint is a wrist joint

A

condyloid, synovial joint

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24
Q

what type of joint is an ankle joint

A

hinge, synovial joint

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25
what type of joint is an elbow joint
pivot, synovial joint
26
ligaments are ____ elastic than tendons and are _____ prone to tearing than tendons
ligaments are LESS elastic than tendons and are MORE prone to tearing than tendons
27
what are the 4 major skeletal muscles
1. agonist/ prime movers 2. antagonists 3. synergists 4. fixators
28
what is the responsibility of an agonist/ prime mover muscle
contract to create the ROM in a joint, primarily responsible for the movement
29
what is the responsibility of an antagonists muscle
return a limb to its original place, they oppose the movement of the agonist
30
what is the responsibility of a synergist muscle
(sometimes called neutralizers) neutralize the extra motion from the agonist, they provide balance for the working muscle while making sure the force of the movement is acceptable for the desired plane
31
what is the responsibility of the fixator muscle
(sometimes called stabilizers) provide stabilization to support the rest of the body during the movement
32
the triceps are ___ to biceps
antagonist
33
the quadratus lumborum stabilizes the spine in what plane
ALL PLANES saggital, frontal, and transverse
34
what is the torque of the internal and external obliques on the trunk
they rotate the trunk
35
which exercises are best for the quads
lunges, squats, and leg press
36
which exercises are best for hamstrings
stiff leg deadlift, leg curl, reverse lunges
37
what is the main function of the rectus abdominis
flexion
38
what muscles make up the hamstrings lateral to medial
Superficial: bicep femoris, semimembranosus Deep: semitendonosus
39
what torque does the gluteus maximus have on the hip
extension
40
what muscles make up the quadraceps
superficially: rectus femoris deep: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, & vastus intermedius
41
what muscle crosses the hip joint and the knee
rectus femoris
42
what is the correct anatomical term for: the pectoralis major muscle
anterior
43
what is the correct anatomical term for: the sternum to the humerus
medial
44
what is the correct anatomical term for: the rhomboid muscles
posterior
45
what is the correct anatomical term for: the arms to the chest
lateral
46
what is the correct anatomical term for: the ankle to the hip
distal
47
what is the correct anatomical term for: the humerus to the ulna
superior
48
bilateral is describing
both sides of the body
49
peripheral is describing
toward the extremities
50
unilateral is describing
one side of the body
51
what plane of motion is a squat performed in
sagittal plane
52
what plane of motion is a side bend performed in
frontal plane
53
what plane of motion is rotation at the waist performed in
transverse plane
54
what is the antagonist muscle of Pectorals
Latissimus Dorsi
55
what is the antagoinist of anterior deltoids
posterior deltoids
56
if your clients knees cave in during a squat/bending, what might this indicate
tight adductors and weak glutes
57
what indicator woukd tell you that your client may have tight or weak hip muscles
external rotation of a single leg
58
describe a sesamoid bone
where tendon passes over joint EXAMPLES: joint bones in hands, knee, and feet
59
describe an irregular bone
odd-shaped bones that don't fit in a category. mainly function as point of attachment for muscles and protection for nervous system EXAMPLES: vertabrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible
60
describe short bones
located in parts of skeleton intended for strength and compactness. limited movement but provide stability and support EXAMPLES: carpals and tarsals
61
what are the adductor muscles
located on the medial side of the thigh, act functionally on the hip, bringing legs across the midline of the body
62
in what plane of motion do the arms move in a bench press
transverse

NFPT (19 decks)

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