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NFPT > Ch 3. Anatomical Terms and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ch 3. Anatomical Terms and Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what occurs in an isometric contraction

A

no movement takes place due to the load on the muscle is greater than the generated tension

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2
Q

what occurs in an isokinetic contraction

A

the muscle contracts and shortens at a constant rate of speed and allows the muscle to gain strength evenly all through the ROM

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3
Q

what occurs in an isotonic contraction

A

“simple contraction” movement occurs because the load on the muscle is less than the generated tension.
HAS TWO TYPES

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4
Q

Concentric (isotonic) Contraction

A

muscle belly shortens in length and the angle at the joint decreases

“positive” part of contraction

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5
Q

Eccentric (isotonic) contraction

A

muscle belly increases in length and the angle at the joint increases

“negative” part of contraction

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6
Q

what are the two types of isotonic contraction

A

concentric and eccentric

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7
Q

what is internal rotation

A

movement of body part towards the axis/center of body

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8
Q

what is external rotation

A

movement of body part away from axis/center of body

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9
Q

what is hyperextension

A

extension beyond normal limits, over extended

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10
Q

what is hypotension

A

extension that is less than normal, under-extended

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11
Q

what is gliding

A

movement of non-angular joint over each other

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12
Q

what is deviation

A

departure from the midline

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13
Q

what is plantarflexion

A

pointing foot downward

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14
Q

what is dorsiflexion

A

pointing foot up towards the shin

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15
Q

describe the saggital plane

A

vertical plane
DIVIDES: left and right sides
MOTION: flexion/extension

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16
Q

describe frontal plane

A

(also called coronal plane)

vertical plane
DIVIDES: front and back
MOTION: abduction/adduction

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17
Q

describe transverse plane

A

horizontal plane
DIVIDES: inferior and superior parts
MOTION: internal/external rotation

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18
Q

what bones make up axial skeleton

A

trunk or center of body (includes skull)

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19
Q

what bones make up appendicular skeleton

A

limbs and upper/lower extermities

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20
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of joints and describe them

A
  1. Ligamentous - immovable
  2. Cartilaginous - slightly moveable
  3. Synovial - highly moveable
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21
Q

what type of joint is a shoulder joint

A

ball and socket, synovial joint

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22
Q

what type of joint is a knee joint

A

hinge, synovial joint

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23
Q

what type of joint is a wrist joint

A

condyloid, synovial joint

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24
Q

what type of joint is an ankle joint

A

hinge, synovial joint

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25
Q

what type of joint is an elbow joint

A

pivot, synovial joint

26
Q

ligaments are ____ elastic than tendons and are _____ prone to tearing than tendons

A

ligaments are LESS elastic than tendons and are MORE prone to tearing than tendons

27
Q

what are the 4 major skeletal muscles

A
  1. agonist/ prime movers
  2. antagonists
  3. synergists
  4. fixators
28
Q

what is the responsibility of an agonist/ prime mover muscle

A

contract to create the ROM in a joint, primarily responsible for the movement

29
Q

what is the responsibility of an antagonists muscle

A

return a limb to its original place, they oppose the movement of the agonist

30
Q

what is the responsibility of a synergist muscle

A

(sometimes called neutralizers)

neutralize the extra motion from the agonist, they provide balance for the working muscle while making sure the force of the movement is acceptable for the desired plane

31
Q

what is the responsibility of the fixator muscle

A

(sometimes called stabilizers)

provide stabilization to support the rest of the body during the movement

32
Q

the triceps are ___ to biceps

A

antagonist

33
Q

the quadratus lumborum stabilizes the spine in what plane

A

ALL PLANES
saggital, frontal, and transverse

34
Q

what is the torque of the internal and external obliques on the trunk

A

they rotate the trunk

35
Q

which exercises are best for the quads

A

lunges, squats, and leg press

36
Q

which exercises are best for hamstrings

A

stiff leg deadlift, leg curl, reverse lunges

37
Q

what is the main function of the rectus abdominis

A

flexion

38
Q

what muscles make up the hamstrings lateral to medial

A

Superficial: bicep femoris, semimembranosus

Deep: semitendonosus

39
Q

what torque does the gluteus maximus have on the hip

A

extension

40
Q

what muscles make up the quadraceps

A

superficially: rectus femoris

deep: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, & vastus intermedius

41
Q

what muscle crosses the hip joint and the knee

A

rectus femoris

42
Q

what is the correct anatomical term for: the pectoralis major muscle

A

anterior

43
Q

what is the correct anatomical term for: the sternum to the humerus

A

medial

44
Q

what is the correct anatomical term for: the rhomboid muscles

A

posterior

45
Q

what is the correct anatomical term for: the arms to the chest

A

lateral

46
Q

what is the correct anatomical term for: the ankle to the hip

A

distal

47
Q

what is the correct anatomical term for: the humerus to the ulna

A

superior

48
Q

bilateral is describing

A

both sides of the body

49
Q

peripheral is describing

A

toward the extremities

50
Q

unilateral is describing

A

one side of the body

51
Q

what plane of motion is a squat performed in

A

sagittal plane

52
Q

what plane of motion is a side bend performed in

A

frontal plane

53
Q

what plane of motion is rotation at the waist performed in

A

transverse plane

54
Q

what is the antagonist muscle of Pectorals

A

Latissimus Dorsi

55
Q

what is the antagoinist of anterior deltoids

A

posterior deltoids

56
Q

if your clients knees cave in during a squat/bending, what might this indicate

A

tight adductors and weak glutes

57
Q

what indicator woukd tell you that your client may have tight or weak hip muscles

A

external rotation of a single leg

58
Q

describe a sesamoid bone

A

where tendon passes over joint

EXAMPLES: joint bones in hands, knee, and feet

59
Q

describe an irregular bone

A

odd-shaped bones that don’t fit in a category. mainly function as point of attachment for muscles and protection for nervous system

EXAMPLES: vertabrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible

60
Q

describe short bones

A

located in parts of skeleton intended for strength and compactness. limited movement but provide stability and support

EXAMPLES: carpals and tarsals

61
Q

what are the adductor muscles

A

located on the medial side of the thigh, act functionally on the hip, bringing legs across the midline of the body

62
Q

in what plane of motion do the arms move in a bench press

A

transverse

NFPT (19 decks)

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