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SAT II: Biology E/M > Ch 6: Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

Ch 6: Transcription and Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is a eukaryote cell’s genetic information (DNA) located?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A piece of DNA in the nucleus of a cell

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3
Q

When does DNA replicate?

A

When cells divide

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4
Q

How does DNA replicate?

A
  1. unwinds, 2 strands separate
  2. DNA polymerase lines up nucleotides to form new 2nd strands
  3. Hydrogen bonds form between the sugar-phosphate components
  4. twist up
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5
Q

What does it mean when you say that one DNA strand acts as a template for the formation of another?

A

Nucleotide bases direct the construction of a complementary strand that forms alongside it.

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6
Q

Every somatic cell has ___ chromosomes.

A

46

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7
Q

In 1 organism, are the chromosomes in one cell’s nucleus identical to that in every other cell’s nucleus?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes are said to be _____.

A

diploid

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9
Q

If 2 individuals are of the same species, then are the chromosomes in one individual’s cells identical to the chromosomes in the other individual’s cells?

A

no

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10
Q

The enzyme that runs DNA replication is called _____.

A

DNA polymerase

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11
Q

Humans have ____ total chromosomes found as _____ sets of _____ chromosomes each

A

46, 2, 23

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12
Q

One strand of DNA serves as a _______ for the creation of a complementary strand.

A

template

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13
Q

Are homologous chromosomes identical?

A

No

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14
Q

What are the portions of DNA that actually carry instructions for protein synthesis called?

A

Genes

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15
Q

What is the sugar in the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA?

A

Ribose

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16
Q

RNA is a polymer of _____

A

nucleotides

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17
Q

RNA is _____-stranded

A

single

18
Q

What is the production of a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA called?

A

transcription- they are both made of nucleotides

19
Q

What is the switch from RNA to protein called?

A

Translation- RNA is nucleotides and protein is amino acids

20
Q

What enzyme creates a complementary strand of RNA?

A

RNA polymerase

21
Q

How much of the DNA molecule is transcribed to make RNA?

A

only a portion of the genes in the DNA

22
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

carries the information for protein synthesis to the ribosomes

23
Q

What does rRNA do?

A

interacts with ribosomes to make them functional

24
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

25
Q

Where does translation/ protein synthesis occur?

A

cytoplasm

26
Q

What is a sequence of 3 nucleotides called?

A

codon

27
Q

What is the dictionary for protein translation called?

A

genetic code

28
Q

The sequence of RNA that is complementary to the DNA sequence CAGTATACG is _______

A

GUCAUAUGC

29
Q

Portions of DNA that carry instructions for protein synthesis are called ______

A

genes

30
Q

____ carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein translation

A

tRNA

31
Q

The sequence of codons on mRNA is read in ______ sequence.

A

nonoverlapping

32
Q

The 3 “stop” codons are:

A

UAG, UAA, UGA

33
Q

In order to base-pair, the anticodon on a tRNA must be _____ to an mRNA codon

A

complementary

34
Q

Peptide bonds are formed between ________

A

amino acids

35
Q

The next amino acid for the protein being translated binds (attaches to its tRNA) in the _____

A

A-site

36
Q

The growing protein is attached to the ribosome through a tRNA in the ______

A

P-site

37
Q

When a stop codon appears in the ____, the protein is ____ from the ribosome

A

A-site, released

38
Q

The ________ is a special region on the tRNA molecule that can base-pair with codons on mRNA

A

anticodon

39
Q

The ribosome is an organelle that __________________

A

synthesizes protein

40
Q

Once the tRNA base-pairs with the codons on mRNA, the ribosome formes a __________ between the 2 amino acids.

A

peptide bond

41
Q

What does the P in P-site stand for and the A in A-site?

A

peptide, amino acid

SAT II: Biology E/M (15 decks)

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