Ch 15: Behavior Flashcards
What type of behavior does a dog learning that if it brings the newspaper into the house each evening, it gets a bone show?
Operant conditioning
What type of behavior does a bird treating the human it saw when it first hatched as its mother show?
Imprinting
What type of behavior does a frog squeezing the swollen belly of a female frog to release eggs show?
fixed- action pattern
What type of behavior does a cockroach learning to run from light because every time a light comes on someone tries to stop it show?
operant conditioning
What type of behavior does a man wishing to turn a screw and, having no screwdriver, realize that he can use the edge of a dull knife as a substitute?
insight learning
What type of behavior does a cat running into the kitchen and looking for food when it hears the electric can opener show?
classical conditioning
What type of behavior does a bird puffing up its brightly colored chest to attract a mate show?
fixed- action pattern
What are instinctive behaviors?
behaviors that are not learned and exist at the moment of birth
What are fixed- action patterns?
instinctive behaviors triggered by specific stimuli
What is imprinting?
instinctive behavior, recognition of some object as “mother” when seen during a critical time after birth
Fixed- action patterns and imprinting both occur even if the stimulus is not _____
the real stimulus encountered in nature
What are learned behaviors?
behaviors that require interaction with the environment or other organisms
What is habituation?
non-harmful stimulus is repeated over and over again, and the organism learns to ignore it
What is conditioning?
stimulus associated with a particular behavior
What is classical conditioning?
a neutral sign leads to a reflex
What is operant conditioning?
learning thatoccurs because of reward and punishment system
What is insight learning?
ability to approach new situations and figure out how to deal with them
A chemical released that causes an organism’s own heart rate to increase is an eample of a what?
hormone
Roots growing toward the earth is described as ______ gravitropism
positive
A rooster crowing in the morning is an example of a _______ rhythm.
circadian
A fruit tree flowering in the spring is an example of a ______ rhythm
seasonal
Growth of a plant toward light is called ________
phototropism
Bacteria that release chemicals to draw other bacteria toward a food source are releasing what?
pheromones
Athlete’s foot is the common name that describes a fungal infection of the skin of the feet, especially between the toes. The skin becomes cracked and sore. This is an example of a ______ relationship
parasitic
Epiphytes are small plants that grow on the branches of big trees. The epiphytes are exposed to sunlight, and the big tree is neither helped nor harmed. This is an example of a _______ relationship.
commensalistic
Any two organisms living in an intimate association with each other are said to be in a ________ relationship.
symbiotic
An ivy growing along a trellis is an example of what?
thigmotropism
As army ants move through a tropical forest, brids follow and prey on the insects that fly or jump out of the ants’ way. This is an example of what?
commensalism
What is a tropism and what are the 3 stimuli that can cause it?
a turning behavior in response to a particular stimuli
light, gravity, and touch
What is phototropism?
growth of a plant toward light
What is positive gravitropism?
growth of the roots downward, toward the earth
What is negative gravitropism?
growth of the plant stem upward, away from the earth
What is thigmotropism?
growth of the plant along a surface
What is a circadian rhythm?
when a biological clock makes an organism do something on a daily basis
What is a pheromone?
a chemical that is released by one member of a species and affects the behavior of other members
What is symbiosis?
organisms of different species that share living space
What is mutualism?
both organisms in the symbiotic relationship benefit
What is parasitism?
one organism benefits, and the other is harmed
What is commensalism?
one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
