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SAT II: Biology E/M > Ch 16: Ecology > Flashcards

Ch 16: Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

The way an organism lives within its environment is called a _____

A

niche

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2
Q

Groups of different species living together and interacting with the same environment is called a _______

A

community

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3
Q

Unrestricted population growth is called what?

A

exponential growth

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4
Q

Members of the same community are also members of the same what?

A

ecosystem

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5
Q

Alternate evolution of two interacting species is called what?

A

coevolution

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6
Q

Can individuals evolve?

A

no

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7
Q

Hawks and wolves hunting the same population of rabbits is an example of what?

A

comeptition and predation

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8
Q

What is a population?

A

a group of individuals in a particular area that interbreed and therefore share the same gene pool

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9
Q

What is community?

A

a group of populations that live in a particular environment and can interact with each other, but not reproductively.

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10
Q

What is a niche?

A

the way an organism lives in its environment (nesting behavior, type of food it eats, when it hunts, etc.)

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11
Q

What is predation?

A

When one organism eats another

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12
Q

What is coevolution?

A

the alternate evolution of 2 species based on their interactions with each other

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13
Q

Herbivores eat the primary _____

A

producers

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14
Q

Organims that feed off dead and decaying material are called ________

A

decomposers

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15
Q

Primary producers are ______

A

autotrophs

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16
Q

Are their more producers or primary consumers?

A

producers

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17
Q

The least amount of energy is available at the ___ of the food chain

A

top

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18
Q

Organisms that eat both plants and animals are called what?

A

omnivores

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19
Q

Decomposers include both _____ and ______

A

bacteria and fungi

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20
Q

An herbivore is a what?

A

heterotroph

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21
Q

What are scavengers?

A

animals that eat waste and remains of dead organisms

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22
Q

What is the order of the food pyramid?

A

tertiary consumers
secondary consumers
primary consumers
producers

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23
Q

How much energy is transferred from one level to the next?

A

10%

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24
Q

When a plant community begins on a barren rock, what is the first organism to colonize the rock?

A

lichen

25
Q

In an ecological succession, each new plant community in an area _____ the previous plant community

A

coexists with

26
Q

What is the final community in ecological succession called?

A

the climax community

27
Q

What is gradual, unpredictable change in plants that occurs over millions of years called?

A

evolution

28
Q

What is the the name of the organism that appears as the founder of a biological community?

A

pioneer

29
Q

What is the final plant community in ecological succession primarily made up of?

A

deciduous trees

30
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

the process of gradual change that takes place in an ecological community

31
Q

Most carbon is found as what?

A

carbon dioxide

32
Q

Whater and chemical nutrients are classified as ___ elements of an ecosystem

A

abiotic

33
Q

Water moves from plants to clouds by what?

A

transpiration

34
Q

What is nitrogen converted into usable forms in the soil by?

A

bacteria

35
Q

Carbon is returned to the atmosphere by _____ and removed from the atmosphere by _______

A

respiration, photosynthesis

36
Q

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in root nodules of what?

A

legumes

37
Q

Does the tropical rain forest have a greater biological diversity than the tundra?

A

yes

38
Q

What is the biome characterized by large numbers of evergreen conifers?

A

the taiga

39
Q

The primary plant forms of the _____ are mosses, lichen, and wildflowers

A

tundra

40
Q

The ocean floor is known as the ____ zone

A

benthic

41
Q

Animals with adaptations for a dry environment would live in the _____

A

desert

42
Q

What is the deepest zone of the ocean?

A

abyssal zone

43
Q

Permanently frozen soil is a characteristic of ____

A

tundra

44
Q

The biome with very fertile soil and many herbivores is the ________

A

grasslands/ savanna

45
Q

Deer, bears, and raccoon are found in the _______, where as caribou and moose are found in the _____.

A

deciduous forest, tundra

46
Q

Do deciduous trees lose their leaves during cold seasons?

A

yes

47
Q

Phytoplankton would thrive well in the ______ zone

A

limnetic

48
Q

Succulent plants are well suited to ____

A

desert

49
Q

Areas of water where light does not penetrate are known as ____ zones

A

aphotic

50
Q

What is the most northern biome?

A

tundra

51
Q

Does the tundra grow many trees?

A

no

52
Q

Coral reefs can typically be found in the _____ zone

A

neritic

53
Q

What is the intertidal zone?

A

the marine biome where land and water meet

54
Q

What is the neritic zone?

A

the marine biome that extends from the intertidal one at the shore to the edge of the continental shelf

55
Q

What is the oceanic zone?

A

the marine biome that is essentially open ocean.

Phytoplankton live here

56
Q

What can the oceanic zone be further divided into?

A

pelagic- open water

benthic- ocean bottom

57
Q

What is the littoral zone?

A

the freshwater biome found near the shore of a lake

58
Q

What is the limnetic zone?

A

The freshwater zone that is further from the shore and extends downward as far as light will penetrate

59
Q

What is the profundal zone?

A

the freshwater zone that is tessentially the aphotic rgion of the lake

SAT II: Biology E/M (15 decks)

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