Ch 14: Plants Flashcards
What is the inner fluid of the chloroplast called?
stroma
What is the layer of wax on the leaf surface called?
cuticle
Where does most photosynthesis occur?
palisade layer
The Calvin cycle is a series of _______ reactions
light-independent
Oxygen is released during the _______ reactions
light- dependent
The light-dependent reactions convert solar energy to usable energy, namely, ATP and _____
NADPH
The _______ are the membranes insdie the chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions take place
thylakoids
Plants are ____ and ____ make their own food
autotrophs, can
Stomates are opened and losed by what cells?
guard cells
Forming carbohydrate from carbon dioxide is also known as what?
carbon fixation
What does the cuticle do?
protects the leaf from attack
keeps water from escaping
What are the spongy cells important for?
gas exchange
Where does the exchange between CO2 and oxygen occur?
stomates
Where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplast
What is the inner fluid of the chloroplast called?
stroma
What are thylakoids filled with?
chlorophyll (green pigments)
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
membranes of thylakoids
What happens in light-dependent reactions?
chlorophyll absorb sunlight, electrons gain energy and can pass down the electron transport chain, given to NADP+, forming molecule of NADPH
molecule of water= split into hydrogen and oxygen
Oxygen is released as a waste product and hydrogen is used to make ATP
Where do light-independent reactions occur?
stroma of chloroplast
What molecule is regenerated each time the Calvin cycle takes a turn?
ribulose biphosphate
What is ribulose biphospate+ 1 carbon atom broken down to make?
2 3-carbon molecules of G3P, forming glucose and carbohydrates
What is the female part of the flower?
pistil
What is the tissue within plant veins that carries water from the roots up to the rest of the plant?
xylem
What are the specific cells that transport water?
trachneids and vessel elements
What does the ovary develop into?
fruit
What is the nutrient-rich tissue that polar bodies become when fertilized?
endosperm
What is the type of tissue that carries food from photosynthesis into the leaves to the rest of the plant?
phloem
What are the specific cells that transport food?
sieve cells
The anther and the filament are ____ parts of the flower
male
In a flowering plant, pollen is produced by and located on the ___
anther
The _____ develops from the ovule
seed
The _____ develops from the ovary
fruit
A pollen tube grows down through the what?
style
What do the 2 sperm from pollen do after the travel down the pollen tube and enter the ovary?
double fertilization
- one fertilizes egg
- other combines with polar bodies
