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emt > ch. 6 the human body > Flashcards

ch. 6 the human body Flashcards

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1
Q

topographical anatomy

A

superficial landmarks of the body

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2
Q

anatomic position

A

position of reference in which the pt is standing facing you, arms @ the side with the palms of hands facing forward

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3
Q

anatomical planes

A

imaginary straight lines that divide the body

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4
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

divides the body into a front or back position

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5
Q

transverse/axial plane

A

divides the body into a top and body portion

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6
Q

sagittal/lateral plane

A

divides the body into left and right portions( not necessarily equal

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7
Q

midsagittal plane

A

type of sagittal plane when the body is divided into

equal left and right halves

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8
Q

skeleton

A

gives the body recognizable human form and protects vital internal organs (206 bones) (designed to allow motion)

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9
Q

ligaments

A

fibrous tissues that connect bones to each other

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10
Q

tendons

A

ropelike structures that connective tissue that covers the ends of bones @ the mobile joints

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11
Q

cartilage

A

the smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of the bones @ the mobile joints

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12
Q

axial skeleton

A

forms the foundation to which the arms and legs are attached (skull, facial bones, thoracic cage, vertebral column)

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13
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

made up of the arms and legs and their connecting joints, and the pelvis

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14
Q

cranium

A

temporal bones - lateral portions
parietal bones - lie in between the occiput and temporal regions
frontal bones - forehead

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15
Q

face

A 
14 bones 
maxillae - upper jaw
zygomas - cheek bones 
mandible - lower jaw
orbit - eye socket (2 facial bones)
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16
Q

5 sections of the spine

A
  1. cervical - first 7 vertebrae (c-1 to c-7)
  2. thoracic - next 12 vertebrae (pair of ribs attached to each)
  3. lumbar - next 5 vertebrae
  4. sacrum - next 5 sacral vertebrae fused together
    (sacrum)
  5. coccyx - last 4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
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17
Q

joints

A

wherever bones come in contact a joint is formed

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18
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

virtually surrounded by tough, thick ligaments will have little motion

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19
Q

articulate cartilage

A

moving joint ends are covered w a thin layer of cartilage (pearly white) allows bones to glide easily

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20
Q

synovial membrane

A

inner lining of the joint capsule

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21
Q

synovial fluid

A

thick lubricant that they synovial membrane makes - allows bones to glide over one another w/o rubbing and grating

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22
Q

joint types

A

ball and socket

hinge joint

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23
Q

ulna

A

larger in the proximal forearm (helps form elbow joint)(medial/pinky side)

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24
Q

radius

A

larger in the distal forearm (lies on lateral/thumb side)

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25
Q

wrist

A

modified ball and socket joint (8 bones)

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26
Q

fingers

A

composed of phalanges

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27
Q

pelvis

A

closed bony ring composed of 3 bones ( sacrum and (2) pelvic bones

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28
Q

pubic symphysis

A

has cartilage that allows for slight motion of ones side of the pelvis over the other

29
Q

acetabulum

A

where the leg connects to the hip joint and is formed where the ilium and ischium and pubic bones meet

30
Q

femoral head

A

where the femur connects into acetabulum (pelvic girdle)

31
Q

greater trochanter

A

projection on the lateral/superior portion of the junction between the femoral neck and shaft

32
Q

lesser trochanter

A

projection on the medial/inferior portion of the junction between the femoral neck and shaft

33
Q

patella

A

knee cap

34
Q

ankle

A

hinge joint, allows flexion and extension of foot on the leg

35
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

36
Q

calcium

A

important for other body systems helps heart, muscles and nerves work properly

37
Q

3 types of muscles

A

skeletal - major muscle mass (attaches to the bones)
smooth - major blood vessels and intestines
cardiac - only in heart

38
Q

homeostasis

A

balances all the systems in the body

39
Q

what helps protect the structures underneath them

A

muscles

40
Q

structures that contribute to respiration and breathing

A

throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles and the lungs

41
Q

upper airway

A

located anteriorly at the midline nose, mouth, tongue, jaw, pharynx

42
Q

larynx

A

dividing line between upper and lower jaw.

43
Q

trachea

A

windpipe, 5 in long, air and other gases

44
Q

esophagus

A

food and liquid pass through the pharynx to esophagus

45
Q

thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)

A

more visible in males, anterior midline portion of the neck, this cartilage is the anterior part of the larynx.

46
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

below thyroid cartilage

47
Q

alveoli

A

grape like air sacks

48
Q

pleura

A

a layer covers each lung, smooth glistening tissue

49
Q

visceral pleura

A

covers lungs

50
Q

parietal pleura

A

covers chest wall

51
Q

diaphragm

A

primary muscle. unique because it has characteristics of skeletal and smooth muscles some shaped that divide the thorax from the abdomen

52
Q

ventilation

A

simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

53
Q

artificial ventilation

A

provided in hope that your patient will resume

54
Q

respiration

A

process of gas exchange provides O2 and gets rid of O2

55
Q

difusion

A

a passive process in which molecules move from an are with a higher concentration of molecules (air) to an area of lower concentration (blood stream)

56
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

a colorless fluid in around the brain and spinal cord that cushions these structures and filters out impurities and toxins

57
Q

medulla oblongetta

A

primarily responsible for irritating the ventilation cycle and prim stimulated by high co2 levels

58
Q

tidal volume

A

the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs in one breath

59
Q

inspiratory blood volume

A

the deepest breath you can take after a normal breath

60
Q

residual volume

A

gas remaining in the lungs after exhalation simply to keep the lungs open

61
Q

dead space

A

the portion of the respiratory system that has no alveoli therefore little or no exchange of gas between air and blood occurs

62
Q

minute volume

A

another measure used to assess the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in 1 minute
respiratory rate x tidal volume = minute volume

63
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood moved in one beat

64
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood moved in one minute

65
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of the airway

66
Q

pulmonary artery

A

carries o2 depleted blood to the lungs

67
Q

superior vena cava

A

carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders

68
Q

inferior vena cava

A

blood from abdomen pelvis and lower extremities

emt (21 decks)

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