ch. 30 abdominal and genitourinary injuries Flashcards
Damage to solid organs typically leads to
hemorrhage
What is the most common mechanism of injury in geriatric patients?
falls
The temporary wound channel caused by high-velocity weapons is called
cavitation
Abdominal rigidity and periumbilical bruising are signs of
internal bleeding
Management of evisceration injuries includes
keeping the injury moist and warm
Most of the ________ system lies behind the digestive tract.
urinary
Which of the following statements regarding trauma during pregnancy is correct?
Uterine trauma is likely to cause shock in the pregnant patient.
Uterine trauma is likely to cause shock in the pregnant patient.
Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:
a poorly placed lap belt
Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct?
It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly.
While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should
lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.
When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:
.
avoid speculation and document only factual data
A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:
hematuria
Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?
urinary bladder
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to
infection
All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the
spleen
Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:
prompt transport to the hospital is essential.
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:
diaphragm
In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are
larger in proportion to the abdomen
Injuries to the external male genitalia
are rarely life-threatening
Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy
may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.
When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:
peritonitis may not develop for several hours.
When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as
guarding
When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?
Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury
Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?
Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?
liver
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?
The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.
what is an evisceration
The displacement of organs outside of the body
You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with
a hematoma in the flank region
Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should
be objective and factual
Right upper quadrant (RUQ) consist of?
liver, gallbladder, duodenum of the intestines, and a small portion of the pancreas
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
The stomach occupies most of the LUQ, but it shares this space with the spleen.
The pancreas occupies some of this space but is mostly posterior to the region.
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
The left lower quadrant holds both the large and small intestines, notably the descending colon and the left half of the transverse colon.
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
large and small intestines that include the ascending colon and the right half of the transverse colon.
descending colon, called the appendix
Structures through which materials pass, such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and urinary bladder.
hollow organs
peritoneal cavity
abdominal cavity
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum).
peritoneum
Solid masses of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place (e.g., the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys).
solid organs
An injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact.
closed abdominal injuries
Involuntary muscle contractions (spasm) of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of movement and protect the inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis
guarding
An injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination
open abdominal injuries
Caused by hand-held or hand-powered objects such as knives and other edged weapons
Low-velocity injuries
Caused by smaller caliber handguns and shotguns
Medium-velocity penetrating wounds
Caused by larger weapons such as high-powered rifles and the higher-powered handguns
High-velocity injuries:
The region below the rib cage and above the hip.
flank
Blood in the urine
hematuria
Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood
melena
The genitourinary system controls:
Reproductive functions
The waste discharge system
Which of the following is true about injuries to the kidneys?
A sign of kidney damage is hematuria. A penetrating wound that reaches the kidneys almost involves other organs.
Bruising over the right upper quadrant could indicate injury to which of the following?
liver
You should have an index of suspicion that a patient with pain referred to the right shoulder has an injury to which organ?
liver
Which of the following are considered solid organs?
pancreas and spleen
Which of the following signs would indicate that an injury to the kidney has occurred?
hematuria
You are assessing a patient who reports pain that is tearing and describes it as going from the abdomen posteriorly. What should you suspect?
dissecting abdominal aneurysm
What is the major cause of death following injury to a hollow organ in the abdomen?
sepsis
What is the purpose of wrapping a sexual assault victim in a burn sheet?
To preserve potential evidence
Which of the following is an indication of a spleen injury?
Referred left shoulder pain
