Ch. 6 Lecture Notes Review Flashcards
The muscular system produces _____ by ____.
It moves the body, ____, and _____.
It maintains body ____ and position.
Supports ____ tissues and maintains body ___.
movement / contracting
blood / food
posture
soft / temperature
List the types of muscle tissue.
Smooth muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue
The muscular system incorporates:
a. muscle tissue
b. connective tissue
c. nervous tissue
Describe structure, location, and function of smooth muscle tissue.
structure - spindle shaped, single centrally located nucleus.
location - surrounding walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.
function - involuntary contractions that move food, waste, blood
Describe structure, location, and function of cardiac muscle tissue.
structure - branched, separated by intercalated discs, usually single central nucleus, smaller than skeletal muscle cells
location - walls of the heart
function - involuntary contractions that move blood through the blood vessels
Describe structure, location, and function of skeletal muscle tissue.
structure - long, large, multinucleated cells. Nuclei located near cell membrane
location - attached to bones
function - voluntary movements like walking also involuntary movements eg. the diaphragm
Cardiac muscle contains _____ and _____, myofibrils and appears ______.
actin / myosin
striated
True or false.
Skeletal muscle contains actin, myosin, myofibrils and appears striated.
True
The muscular system consists of __ skeletal muscles.
700
Skeletal muscle is an organ made up of what tissue types?
Skeletal muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
What are the layers of connective tissue?
- epimysium
- perimysium
- endomysium
Epymysium
surrounds entire muscle organ
separates the muscle from surrounding tissue
Tendons
bundles of connective tissue
Broad sheets of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscle to skeletal muscle.
aponeurosis
Connective tissue is _____ ____ skeletal muscle.
wrapped around
Perimysium
surrounds fascicles
innervated by blood vessels and nerves
fascicles
bundle of muscle fibers
muscle fibers
skeletal muscle cells
Endomysium
surrounds individual muscle fibers
Tendons & aponeurosis are made up of these 3 connective tissues:
endomysium
perimysium
epimysium
In nervous tissue, which make up the following:
a. Receiver
b. Control center
c. Effector
a. Dendrite
b. Cell body
c. Axon
List the parts of the muscle fiber structure.
a. sarcolemma
b. sarcoplasma
c. transverse (T) tubules
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. myofibrils
i. ) myofilaments ii.) sarcomeres
sarcolemma
cell membrane of the muscle fiber (skeletal muscle cell).
contains receptors at sites called motor-end plates
sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cell
T-tubules
scattered openings across the sarcolemma that open into tubes that run deep into the muscle fiber
Filled with ECF
Function of T-tubules?
allow electrical impulses to reach the interior of the muscle fiber
A specialized smooth ER that stores Ca++
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum form a ______ network around each ____.
Contains chambers called ____ ___ that contain high concentrations of ___.
tubular / myofibril
terminal cisterna / Ca++
Describe the location of the terminal cisterna.
Part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is adjacent to both sides of each T-tubule.
Myofibrils are bundles of _____ and _____ myofilaments.
There are ______ to _____ within each individual muscle fiber.
thick / thin
100s / 1000s
True or False.
Myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma.
True
Myofilaments consist of ___ and _____.
actin / myosin
Thin filaments are made up of ____.
Thick filaments are made up of ______.
actin
myosin
Sarcomeres consist of repeating contractile units. There are _______ sarcomeres per _______, aligned one after the other.
~10,000 / myofibril
Muscle fiber contraction is due to the _____ of thick and thin filaments at the _____ level.
Myofibril is the collection of thousands of ______.
interaction / sarcomere
sarcomeres
True or False.
Sarcomeres do not consist of myofilaments.
False
This is an intercellular junction between the nervous system and muscular system.
Neuromuscular junction
The motor neuron’s ____ _____ synapses with the _____ on the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber.
synaptic terminal
motor-end plate.
Another name for the synaptic knob.
Synaptic terminal
The very end of an axon is called ______.
synaptic terminal
The neuromuscular junction is located where the end of an axon meets a motor-end plate.
This is the intersection of a ______ and a skeletal ____ ____.
motor neuron
muscle fiber.
Synaptic terminal has vesicles that contain the neurotransmitter ______.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
ACh is the _____ ______ stimulant.
skeletal muscle
The space between the synaptic terminal and the motor-end plate is called the ____ _____.
_____, an enzyme is found in this cleft.
synaptic cleft
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
AChE functions to _____.
inactivate ACh.
The motor end plate contains a high concentration of______.
ACh receptors
An electrical charge stimulates Ca++ ion channels to open and release ACh.
ACh then binds with the ACh receptor at the motor-end plate and ____ an electrical charge along the ____.
triggers / sarcolemma
ACh binding leads to the release of intracellular Ca++ from the _____ _____ of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The rise of Ca++ within the muscle fiber leads to ____.
terminal cisterna
muscle fiber contraction
Summarize Sliding Filament Theory.
The shortening of a sarcomere due to thin and thick filaments sliding past each other.
_____ covers the active site on actin.
Tropomyosin
____ binds to and stabilizes tropomyosin.
Troponin
A myosin head will have an ___ attached.
ATP
