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Anatomy and Physiology > Ch. 6 Lecture Notes Review > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Lecture Notes Review Flashcards

1
Q

The muscular system produces _____ by ____.
It moves the body, ____, and _____.
It maintains body ____ and position.
Supports ____ tissues and maintains body ___.

A

movement / contracting
blood / food
posture
soft / temperature

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2
Q

List the types of muscle tissue.

A

Smooth muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue

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3
Q

The muscular system incorporates:

A

a. muscle tissue
b. connective tissue
c. nervous tissue

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4
Q

Describe structure, location, and function of smooth muscle tissue.

A

structure - spindle shaped, single centrally located nucleus.

location - surrounding walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.

function - involuntary contractions that move food, waste, blood

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5
Q

Describe structure, location, and function of cardiac muscle tissue.

A

structure - branched, separated by intercalated discs, usually single central nucleus, smaller than skeletal muscle cells

location - walls of the heart

function - involuntary contractions that move blood through the blood vessels

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6
Q

Describe structure, location, and function of skeletal muscle tissue.

A

structure - long, large, multinucleated cells. Nuclei located near cell membrane

location - attached to bones

function - voluntary movements like walking
also involuntary movements eg. the diaphragm
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7
Q

Cardiac muscle contains _____ and _____, myofibrils and appears ______.

A

actin / myosin

striated

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8
Q

True or false.

Skeletal muscle contains actin, myosin, myofibrils and appears striated.

A

True

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9
Q

The muscular system consists of __ skeletal muscles.

A

700

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle is an organ made up of what tissue types?

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the layers of connective tissue?

A
  1. epimysium
  2. perimysium
  3. endomysium
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12
Q

Epymysium

A

surrounds entire muscle organ

separates the muscle from surrounding tissue

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13
Q

Tendons

A

bundles of connective tissue

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14
Q

Broad sheets of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscle to skeletal muscle.

A

aponeurosis

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15
Q

Connective tissue is _____ ____ skeletal muscle.

A

wrapped around

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16
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds fascicles

innervated by blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

fascicles

A

bundle of muscle fibers

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18
Q

muscle fibers

A

skeletal muscle cells

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19
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds individual muscle fibers

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20
Q

Tendons & aponeurosis are made up of these 3 connective tissues:

A

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

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21
Q

In nervous tissue, which make up the following:

a. Receiver
b. Control center
c. Effector

A

a. Dendrite
b. Cell body
c. Axon

22
Q

List the parts of the muscle fiber structure.

A

a. sarcolemma
b. sarcoplasma
c. transverse (T) tubules
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. myofibrils
i. ) myofilaments ii.) sarcomeres

23
Q

sarcolemma

A

cell membrane of the muscle fiber (skeletal muscle cell).

contains receptors at sites called motor-end plates

24
Q

sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cell

25
Q

T-tubules

A

scattered openings across the sarcolemma that open into tubes that run deep into the muscle fiber

Filled with ECF

26
Q

Function of T-tubules?

A

allow electrical impulses to reach the interior of the muscle fiber

27
Q

A specialized smooth ER that stores Ca++

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum form a ______ network around each ____.

Contains chambers called ____ ___ that contain high concentrations of ___.

A

tubular / myofibril

terminal cisterna / Ca++

29
Q

Describe the location of the terminal cisterna.

A

Part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is adjacent to both sides of each T-tubule.

30
Q

Myofibrils are bundles of _____ and _____ myofilaments.

There are ______ to _____ within each individual muscle fiber.

A

thick / thin

100s / 1000s

31
Q

True or False.

Myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma.

A

True

32
Q

Myofilaments consist of ___ and _____.

A

actin / myosin

33
Q

Thin filaments are made up of ____.

Thick filaments are made up of ______.

A

actin

myosin

34
Q

Sarcomeres consist of repeating contractile units. There are _______ sarcomeres per _______, aligned one after the other.

A

~10,000 / myofibril

35
Q

Muscle fiber contraction is due to the _____ of thick and thin filaments at the _____ level.

Myofibril is the collection of thousands of ______.

A

interaction / sarcomere

sarcomeres

36
Q

True or False.

Sarcomeres do not consist of myofilaments.

A

False

37
Q

This is an intercellular junction between the nervous system and muscular system.

A

Neuromuscular junction

38
Q

The motor neuron’s ____ _____ synapses with the _____ on the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber.

A

synaptic terminal

motor-end plate.

39
Q

Another name for the synaptic knob.

A

Synaptic terminal

40
Q

The very end of an axon is called ______.

A

synaptic terminal

41
Q

The neuromuscular junction is located where the end of an axon meets a motor-end plate.

This is the intersection of a ______ and a skeletal ____ ____.

A

motor neuron

muscle fiber.

42
Q

Synaptic terminal has vesicles that contain the neurotransmitter ______.

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

43
Q

ACh is the _____ ______ stimulant.

A

skeletal muscle

44
Q

The space between the synaptic terminal and the motor-end plate is called the ____ _____.

_____, an enzyme is found in this cleft.

A

synaptic cleft

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

45
Q

AChE functions to _____.

A

inactivate ACh.

46
Q

The motor end plate contains a high concentration of______.

A

ACh receptors

47
Q

An electrical charge stimulates Ca++ ion channels to open and release ACh.

ACh then binds with the ACh receptor at the motor-end plate and ____ an electrical charge along the ____.

A

triggers / sarcolemma

48
Q

ACh binding leads to the release of intracellular Ca++ from the _____ _____ of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The rise of Ca++ within the muscle fiber leads to ____.

A

terminal cisterna

muscle fiber contraction

49
Q

Summarize Sliding Filament Theory.

A

The shortening of a sarcomere due to thin and thick filaments sliding past each other.

50
Q

_____ covers the active site on actin.

A

Tropomyosin

51
Q

____ binds to and stabilizes tropomyosin.

A

Troponin

52
Q

A myosin head will have an ___ attached.

A

ATP

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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