A&P Lab Practical 3 Flashcards
Epimysium
Epi=on, myo=muscle
connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle organ and separates it from surrounding tissue and organs
Perimysium
peri=around, myo=muscle
connective tissue around a fascicle in skeletal muscle
Muscle fascicle
fascis=bundle
bundle of muscle fibers
muscle cells aka
muscle fibers
Endomysium
Endo=inside, myo=muscle
connective tissue that surrounds and binds individual muscle fibers
tendon
fibrous connective tissue that binds muscle to bone
ligament
fibrous connective tissue that binds bone to bone
aponeurosis
broad sheet of connective tissue that binds muscle organs to body parts that they act upon, either bone or muscle.
Can be thought of as broad flat tendons.
list muscles of the face
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
list muscles of the neck
sternocleidomastoid
list muscles of the shoulders
deltoid
trapezius
list muscles of the back
latissimus dorsi
list muscles of the chest
pectoralis major
serratus anterior
list muscles of the arms
biceps brachii
triceps brachii
list muscles of the thorax
diaphragm
external intercostals
internal intercostals
costals means
ribs
The external intercostals and internal intercostals _____.
External intercostals are between the ribs and they are angled _____ and forward.
crisscross
downward
list the muscles of the buttocks
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
list the muscles of the abdomen
rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis (deepest)
list the muscles of the posterior thigh (make up the hamstring)
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
list the muscles of the anterior thigh (make up the quadriceps)
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius (deepest)
list the muscles of the inner thigh
sartorius
gracilis
list the muscles of the legs
gastrocnemius–2 headed muscle
soleus –achilles tendon
list the major parts of the brain
- cerebrum
- diencephalons
- midbrain
- pituitary gland
- pons
- medulla oblongata
- cerebellum
List the components of the cerebrum
a. right and left cerebral hemispheres
b. longitudinal fissure
c. corpus callosum
List the components of the diencephalon
a. pineal gland
b. thalamus (intermediate mass hols L&R together)
c. hypothalamus
List the components of the midbrain
midbrain aka corpora quadrigemina
a. superior colliculi—pair
b. inferior colliculi—-pair
List the components of the ventricle system of the brain
a. lateral ventricles
b. third ventricle
c. fourth ventricle
d. cerebral aqueduct
e. interventricular foramen
List the components of the spinal cord
- a. anterior gray horns
- b. lateral gray horns
- c. posterior gray horns
- d. anterior white columns
- e. lateral white columns
- f. posterior white columns
List the components and associated spaces of the meninges
Meninges
- dura mater,
- arachnoid mater,
- pia mater
Associated spaces
- epidural space,
- central canal
List the major structures of the neurons
- cell body (soma),
- dendrites,
- axon,
- synaptic terminals,
- Schwann cells,
- myelin sheath,
- nodes
List parts associated with Olfactory Nerve
olfactory bulbs
olfactory tracts
List parts associated with Optic Nerve
Optic chiasm
optic tract
List I-V of the cranial nerves
- I. Olfactory
- II. Optic
- III. Oculomotor
- IV. Trochlear
- V. Trigeminal
List VI-XII of the cranial nerves
- VI. Abducens
- VII. Facial
- VIII. Vestibulocochlear
- IX. Glossopharyngeal
- X. Vagus
- XI. Accessory
- XII. Hypoglossal
What is your mneumonic for the cranial nerves?
- On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny-Very Good Vehicle Any How
List the name, type, primary function of NI.
- Olfactory,
- sensory,
- olfaction (smell)
List the name, type, primary function of NII.
- Opitic,
- sensory,
- vision
List the name, type, primary function of NIII.
- Oculomotor,
- motor,
- movement of the eye
List the name, type, primary function of NIV.
- Trochlear,
- motor,
- movement of the eye
List the name, type, primary function of NV.
- Trigeminal,
- sensory & motor,
- sensory info from face,
- movement to chew food
List the name, type, primary function of NVI.
- Abducens,
- motor,
- movement of the eye
List the name, type, primary function of NVII.
- Facial,
- sensory & motor,
- sense of taste; movement of face (expressions)
List the name, type, primary function of NVIII.
- Vestibulocochlear,
- sensory,
- hearing and balance
List the name, type, primary function of NIX.
- Glossopharyngeal,
- sensory & motor;
- taste, swallowing, gag reflex.
List the name, type, primary function of NX.
- Vagus,
- sensory & motor;
- visceral organ sensations/ movement of visceral muscles (heart, digestive tract)
List the name, type, primary function of NXI.
- Accessory,
- motor,
- movement head & shoulders, swallowing
List the name, type, primary function of NXII.
- Hypoglossal,
- motor,
- movement of tongue to allow speech & swallowing
List the parts of the spinal nerves
- dorsal roots
- dorsal root ganglia
- ventral roots
- spinal nerves
The eye is like a ____ that forms a ______.
camera /
picture
The visual ____ transmits the image to the brain via ____.
system / optic nerves
Light enters the eye through the ____, the tough clear tissue covering the front of your eye.
Light is refracted by the cornea because __________. This initial refraction begins the _______ process.
cornea
the cornea is much denser than air.
focusing.
After passing the cornea, light passes through the ____, which is a dark _____, at the center of the ____.
pupil
hole
iris
The muscular iris can expand or ____ in order to _____ the amount of light transmitted through the _____.
contract
regulate
pupil
The eye’s ____ focuses the corneal-refracted light to make an image on the _____.
lens
retina
The retina is a thin layer of light-_____ cells that lines the back of the ____.
sensitive
eyeball
The cells that send electrical impulses to the brain via the _____ nerve are called?
optic
Rods & cones
Rods are most sensitive to ____, provide ____ vision at night. Cones are active in ____ ____ and enable you to see ____.
light /
gray bright light /
color
Sound is collected by the _____ (the visible part of the ear) and directed through the outer ____ _____. The sound makes the ______ vibrate, which then causes the ____ in the middle ear to vibrate. The vibrations are transferred to the ______, in the inner ear.
pinna
ear canal
tympanic membrane
ossicles
cochlea
The cochlea is lined with ___ which trigger the generation of ____ signals that are sent to the brain.
sensitive hairs
nerve
List the structures of the outer ear.
a. pinna / auricle
b. external auditory meatus
c. tympanic membrane (aka eardrum)
List the structures of the middle ear.
A. Ossicles.
- malleus (hammer)
- incus (anvil)
- stapes (stirrups)
B. Auditory tube
C. Oval window
The inner ear is located within the _____ bone, where there are spaces called the ____ ____.
temporal /
bony labyrinth
Within the bony labyrinth are ______-lined, ___-filled tubes and spaces called the _____. This region houses supporting cells along with the receptors for _____ and _____.
membrane fluid
membranous labyrinth
equilibrium / hearing
They bony labyrinth is divided into 3 regions:
i. The vestibule
ii. Semicircular canals
iii. cochlea
It is important to know that the N VIII, the ____ nerve is connected to the ___.
Vestibulocochlear
vestibule
The part of the cochlea that is responsible for hearing is called the …. Its main structures are:
Organ of Corti
- basilar membrane,
- tectorial membrane,
- hair cells
Identify following structures.
Structures involved in the Neuromuscular junction.
a. sarcolemma
b. motor end plate
c. T-tubules
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
A. ENDOMYSIUM
B. SARCOLEMMA
C. MYOFIBRIL
D. MOTOR END PLATE
Identify:
a. external oblique
b. transversus abdominus
c. internal oblique
d. rectus abdominus
on a horizontal cross section model.
