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Anatomy and Physiology > A&P Lab Practical 3 > Flashcards

A&P Lab Practical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Epimysium

A

Epi=on, myo=muscle

connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle organ and separates it from surrounding tissue and organs

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2
Q

Perimysium

A

peri=around, myo=muscle

connective tissue around a fascicle in skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Muscle fascicle

A

fascis=bundle

bundle of muscle fibers

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4
Q

muscle cells aka

A

muscle fibers

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5
Q

Endomysium

A

Endo=inside, myo=muscle

connective tissue that surrounds and binds individual muscle fibers

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6
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

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7
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds bone to bone

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8
Q

aponeurosis

A

broad sheet of connective tissue that binds muscle organs to body parts that they act upon, either bone or muscle.

Can be thought of as broad flat tendons.

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9
Q

list muscles of the face

A

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oris

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10
Q

list muscles of the neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

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11
Q

list muscles of the shoulders

A

deltoid

trapezius

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12
Q

list muscles of the back

A

latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

list muscles of the chest

A

pectoralis major

serratus anterior

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14
Q

list muscles of the arms

A

biceps brachii

triceps brachii

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15
Q

list muscles of the thorax

A

diaphragm

external intercostals

internal intercostals

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16
Q

costals means

A

ribs

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17
Q

The external intercostals and internal intercostals _____.

External intercostals are between the ribs and they are angled _____ and forward.

A

crisscross

downward

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18
Q

list the muscles of the buttocks

A

gluteus medius

gluteus maximus

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19
Q

list the muscles of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominis

external oblique

internal oblique

transversus abdominis (deepest)

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20
Q

list the muscles of the posterior thigh (make up the hamstring)

A

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

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21
Q

list the muscles of the anterior thigh (make up the quadriceps)

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius (deepest)
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22
Q

list the muscles of the inner thigh

A

sartorius

gracilis

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23
Q

list the muscles of the legs

A

gastrocnemius–2 headed muscle

soleus –achilles tendon

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24
Q

list the major parts of the brain

A
  • cerebrum
  • diencephalons
  • midbrain
  • pituitary gland
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • cerebellum
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25
Q

List the components of the cerebrum

A

a. right and left cerebral hemispheres
b. longitudinal fissure
c. corpus callosum

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26
Q

List the components of the diencephalon

A

a. pineal gland
b. thalamus (intermediate mass hols L&R together)
c. hypothalamus

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27
Q

List the components of the midbrain

A

midbrain aka corpora quadrigemina

a. superior colliculi—pair
b. inferior colliculi—-pair

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28
Q

List the components of the ventricle system of the brain

A

a. lateral ventricles
b. third ventricle
c. fourth ventricle
d. cerebral aqueduct
e. interventricular foramen

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29
Q

List the components of the spinal cord

A
  • a. anterior gray horns
  • b. lateral gray horns
  • c. posterior gray horns
  • d. anterior white columns
  • e. lateral white columns
  • f. posterior white columns
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30
Q

List the components and associated spaces of the meninges

A

Meninges

  • dura mater,
  • arachnoid mater,
  • pia mater

Associated spaces

  • epidural space,
  • central canal
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31
Q

List the major structures of the neurons

A
  • cell body (soma),
  • dendrites,
  • axon,
  • synaptic terminals,
  • Schwann cells,
  • myelin sheath,
  • nodes
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32
Q

List parts associated with Olfactory Nerve

A

olfactory bulbs

olfactory tracts

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33
Q

List parts associated with Optic Nerve

A

Optic chiasm

optic tract

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34
Q

List I-V of the cranial nerves

A
  • I. Olfactory
  • II. Optic
  • III. Oculomotor
  • IV. Trochlear
  • V. Trigeminal
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35
Q

List VI-XII of the cranial nerves

A
  • VI. Abducens
  • VII. Facial
  • VIII. Vestibulocochlear
  • IX. Glossopharyngeal
  • X. Vagus
  • XI. Accessory
  • XII. Hypoglossal
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36
Q

What is your mneumonic for the cranial nerves?

A
  • On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny-Very Good Vehicle Any How
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37
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NI.

A
  • Olfactory,
  • sensory,
  • olfaction (smell)
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38
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NII.

A
  • Opitic,
  • sensory,
  • vision
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39
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NIII.

A
  • Oculomotor,
  • motor,
  • movement of the eye
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40
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NIV.

A
  • Trochlear,
  • motor,
  • movement of the eye
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41
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NV.

A
  • Trigeminal,
  • sensory & motor,
  • sensory info from face,
  • movement to chew food
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42
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NVI.

A
  • Abducens,
  • motor,
  • movement of the eye
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43
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NVII.

A
  • Facial,
  • sensory & motor,
  • sense of taste; movement of face (expressions)
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44
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NVIII.

A
  • Vestibulocochlear,
  • sensory,
  • hearing and balance
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45
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NIX.

A
  • Glossopharyngeal,
  • sensory & motor;
  • taste, swallowing, gag reflex.
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46
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NX.

A
  • Vagus,
  • sensory & motor;
  • visceral organ sensations/ movement of visceral muscles (heart, digestive tract)
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47
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NXI.

A
  • Accessory,
  • motor,
  • movement head & shoulders, swallowing
48
Q

List the name, type, primary function of NXII.

A
  • Hypoglossal,
  • motor,
  • movement of tongue to allow speech & swallowing
49
Q

List the parts of the spinal nerves

A
  • dorsal roots
  • dorsal root ganglia
  • ventral roots
  • spinal nerves
50
Q

The eye is like a ____ that forms a ______.

A

camera /

picture

51
Q

The visual ____ transmits the image to the brain via ____.

A

system / optic nerves

52
Q

Light enters the eye through the ____, the tough clear tissue covering the front of your eye.

Light is refracted by the cornea because __________. This initial refraction begins the _______ process.

A

cornea

the cornea is much denser than air.

focusing.

53
Q

After passing the cornea, light passes through the ____, which is a dark _____, at the center of the ____.

A

pupil

hole

iris

54
Q

The muscular iris can expand or ____ in order to _____ the amount of light transmitted through the _____.

A

contract

regulate

pupil

55
Q

The eye’s ____ focuses the corneal-refracted light to make an image on the _____.

A

lens

retina

56
Q

The retina is a thin layer of light-_____ cells that lines the back of the ____.

A

sensitive

eyeball

57
Q

The cells that send electrical impulses to the brain via the _____ nerve are called?

A

optic

Rods & cones

58
Q

Rods are most sensitive to ____, provide ____ vision at night. Cones are active in ____ ____ and enable you to see ____.

A

light /

gray bright light /

color

59
Q

Sound is collected by the _____ (the visible part of the ear) and directed through the outer ____ _____. The sound makes the ______ vibrate, which then causes the ____ in the middle ear to vibrate. The vibrations are transferred to the ______, in the inner ear.

A

pinna

ear canal

tympanic membrane

ossicles

cochlea

60
Q

The cochlea is lined with ___ which trigger the generation of ____ signals that are sent to the brain.

A

sensitive hairs

nerve

61
Q

List the structures of the outer ear.

A

a. pinna / auricle
b. external auditory meatus
c. tympanic membrane (aka eardrum)

62
Q

List the structures of the middle ear.

A

A. Ossicles.

    1. malleus (hammer)
    1. incus (anvil)
    1. stapes (stirrups)

B. Auditory tube

C. Oval window

63
Q

The inner ear is located within the _____ bone, where there are spaces called the ____ ____.

A

temporal /

bony labyrinth

64
Q

Within the bony labyrinth are ______-lined, ___-filled tubes and spaces called the _____. This region houses supporting cells along with the receptors for _____ and _____.

A

membrane fluid

membranous labyrinth

equilibrium / hearing

65
Q

They bony labyrinth is divided into 3 regions:

A

i. The vestibule
ii. Semicircular canals
iii. cochlea

66
Q

It is important to know that the N VIII, the ____ nerve is connected to the ___.

A

Vestibulocochlear

vestibule

67
Q

The part of the cochlea that is responsible for hearing is called the …. Its main structures are:

A

Organ of Corti

  • basilar membrane,
  • tectorial membrane,
  • hair cells
68
Q

Identify following structures.

Structures involved in the Neuromuscular junction.

A

a. sarcolemma
b. motor end plate
c. T-tubules
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum.

69
Q
A

A. ENDOMYSIUM

B. SARCOLEMMA

C. MYOFIBRIL

D. MOTOR END PLATE

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Q

Identify:

a. external oblique
b. transversus abdominus
c. internal oblique
d. rectus abdominus

on a horizontal cross section model.

A
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Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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