Ch. 4 Lecture Notes Review Flashcards
What are the two major parts of the Integumentary system?
Cutaneous membrane
Accessory structures
Cutaneous membrane is made up of what?
Epithelial and Connective tissues
What are the accessory structures/organs?
Hair, nails, various exocrine glands
What are the functions of the skin?
Protection Temperature homeostasis Synthesize Vitamin D Stores Nutrients Sensory Reception Excretion
The epithelial tissue makes up the ____
epidermis
The connective tissue makes up the ______
dermis
Epidermis is ______ and consist of ________.
avascular / stratified squamous epithelium
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum/basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
Stratum basale is a single layer of cells and the deepest epidermal layer.
It is attached to a _____, which separates epidermis from dermis.
basement membrane
Stratum basale contains germinative cells (___ cells). New cells are produced and slowly migrate to the ____
stem
surface
Stratum basale also contains ______, which produce a colored pigment called ______.
melanocytes
melanin
Stratum spinosum
spiny layer, cell enter the stratum spinosum and continue to increase in cell number
Stratum granulosum
grainy layer, cell no longer divide, but do produce keratin
Stratum lucidum
found in thick skin, consist of flat densely packed cells filled with keratin
Stratum corneum
15 to 30 layers of dead keratinized epithelial cells, the most outer layer of epidermis
2 layers that make up the Dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
What are the functions of the papillary layer?
Its capillaries support and nourish the epidermis.
forms dermal papillae that project into the dermis.
Reticular layer
provides flexibility,
prevents damage to surrounding tissues
This layer contains accessory structures.
reticular layer
Dermis is innervated with ____, ____, ___.
blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers
Hypodermis aka subcutaneous layer
Not part of the integument
located beneath the dermis.
Consist of connective tissue containing fat cells.
Where is epithelial tissue located?
Covering surfaces that include the skin, digestive tract, respiratory tract and body cavities.
True or False.
It takes 2 to 4 weeks to migrate from stratum germinativum to stratum corneum.
True.
True or False
Hypodermis is part of the Integumentary System.
False.
List 3 facts about the subcutaneous layer.
Located beneath the dermis.
Supports the skin relative to deep tissue.
Consists of connective tissue containing many fat cells.
List the two types of glands found in integument.
Sebaceous glands.
Sweat glands.
Keratin is found in ___ and ___.
hair / nails
True or False.
Organs called hair follicles produce hair.
True
Hair consists of ______ filled with _______.
dead cells
keratin
Hair Structure.
Hair ______ consist of walls made-up of ______ that extends into the dermis.
At the top of the hair papilla lies the hair follicle which pushes out ____.
follicles / epidermis
new epithelial cells which are slowly filled with keratin.
Hair Structure.
Hair ____ is the extension of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves.
papilla
Hair Structure.
The part of the hair attached to the skin is the ___.
The part of the hair seen at the surface is part of the__.
hair root
hair shaft
List the functions of the hair.
protects underlying skin
filters foreign substances in areas such as the nose, eyes and ears.
senses physical contact with the skin surface
Describe the arrector pili.
A bundle of smooth muscle cells.
When stimulated it pull on the hair follicle causing the hair to stand up.
Oil glands aka ______.
Secrete a substance called _______, an oily ____ secretion that lubricates the hair and skin.
sebaceous glands.
sebum
lipid
Sweat glands aka ________.
List the two types.
sudoriferous glands.
- Apocrine sweat glands-“body odor”
- Merocrine sweat glands
Which sweat gland releases secretion into the hair follicle?
Apocrine sweat gland
Which sweat gland releases secretions directly to the skin?
merocrine sweat gland
Describe the sweat produced by the merocrine gland.
99% water and some inorganic/organic substances.
Function to lower body temperature, protection against harmful substances, and removing microorganisms.
Nails protect the ___ of fingers and toes.
tips
Nail body is the _____ part of the nail. It is made up of dead _______ cells.
Nail bed is the ______ covered by the nail body.
visible / keratinized
epidermis
The site where nail production begins is _____, consists of _____ stem cells.
nail root
epithelial
Describe the cuticle.
The part of the stratum corneum that extends a little over the exposed nail nearest the nail root.
Forms a pale crescent moon shape on the nail body.
Lunula.
