Ch. 4 Lecture Notes Review

Question 1

What are the two major parts of the Integumentary system?

Answer 1

Cutaneous membrane

Accessory structures

Question 2

Cutaneous membrane is made up of what?

Answer 2

Epithelial and Connective tissues

Question 3

What are the accessory structures/organs?

Answer 3

Hair, nails, various exocrine glands

Question 4

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 4

Protection
Temperature homeostasis
Synthesize Vitamin D
Stores Nutrients
Sensory Reception
Excretion

Question 5

The epithelial tissue makes up the ____

Answer 5

epidermis

Question 6

The connective tissue makes up the ______

Answer 6

dermis

Question 7

Epidermis is ______ and consist of ________.

Answer 7

avascular / stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Answer 8

Stratum germinativum/basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 9

Stratum basale is a single layer of cells and the deepest epidermal layer.
It is attached to a _____, which separates epidermis from dermis.

Answer 9

basement membrane

Question 10

Stratum basale contains germinative cells (___ cells). New cells are produced and slowly migrate to the ____

Answer 10

stem

surface

Question 11

Stratum basale also contains ______, which produce a colored pigment called ______.

Answer 11

melanocytes

melanin

Question 12

Stratum spinosum

Answer 12

spiny layer, cell enter the stratum spinosum and continue to increase in cell number

Question 13

Stratum granulosum

Answer 13

grainy layer, cell no longer divide, but do produce keratin

Question 14

Stratum lucidum

Answer 14

found in thick skin, consist of flat densely packed cells filled with keratin

Question 15

Stratum corneum

Answer 15

15 to 30 layers of dead keratinized epithelial cells, the most outer layer of epidermis

Question 16

2 layers that make up the Dermis

Answer 16

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

Question 17

What are the functions of the papillary layer?

Answer 17

Its capillaries support and nourish the epidermis.

forms dermal papillae that project into the dermis.

Question 18

Reticular layer

Answer 18

provides flexibility,

prevents damage to surrounding tissues

Question 19

This layer contains accessory structures.

Answer 19

reticular layer

Question 20

Dermis is innervated with ____, ____, ___.

Answer 20

blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers

Question 21

Hypodermis aka subcutaneous layer

Answer 21

Not part of the integument
located beneath the dermis.
Consist of connective tissue containing fat cells.

Question 22

Where is epithelial tissue located?

Answer 22

Covering surfaces that include the skin, digestive tract, respiratory tract and body cavities.

Question 23

True or False.

It takes 2 to 4 weeks to migrate from stratum germinativum to stratum corneum.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

True or False

Hypodermis is part of the Integumentary System.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

List 3 facts about the subcutaneous layer.

Answer 25

Located beneath the dermis.
Supports the skin relative to deep tissue.
Consists of connective tissue containing many fat cells.

Question 26

List the two types of glands found in integument.

Answer 26

Sebaceous glands.

Sweat glands.

Question 27

Keratin is found in ___ and ___.

Answer 27

hair / nails

Question 28

True or False.

Organs called hair follicles produce hair.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Hair consists of ______ filled with _______.

Answer 29

dead cells

keratin

Question 30

Hair Structure.
Hair ______ consist of walls made-up of ______ that extends into the dermis.

At the top of the hair papilla lies the hair follicle which pushes out ____.

Answer 30

follicles / epidermis

new epithelial cells which are slowly filled with keratin.

Question 31

Hair Structure.

Hair ____ is the extension of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves.

Answer 31

papilla

Question 32

Hair Structure.
The part of the hair attached to the skin is the ___.

The part of the hair seen at the surface is part of the__.

Answer 32

hair root

hair shaft

Question 33

List the functions of the hair.

Answer 33

protects underlying skin
filters foreign substances in areas such as the nose, eyes and ears.
senses physical contact with the skin surface

Question 34

Describe the arrector pili.

Answer 34

A bundle of smooth muscle cells.

When stimulated it pull on the hair follicle causing the hair to stand up.

Question 35

Oil glands aka ______.

Secrete a substance called _______, an oily ____ secretion that lubricates the hair and skin.

Answer 35

sebaceous glands.
sebum
lipid

Question 36

Sweat glands aka ________.

List the two types.

Answer 36

sudoriferous glands.

1. Apocrine sweat glands-“body odor”
2. Merocrine sweat glands

Question 37

Which sweat gland releases secretion into the hair follicle?

Answer 37

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 38

Which sweat gland releases secretions directly to the skin?

Answer 38

merocrine sweat gland

Question 39

Describe the sweat produced by the merocrine gland.

Answer 39

99% water and some inorganic/organic substances.

Function to lower body temperature, protection against harmful substances, and removing microorganisms.

Question 40

Nails protect the ___ of fingers and toes.

Answer 40

tips

Question 41

Nail body is the _____ part of the nail. It is made up of dead _______ cells.

Nail bed is the ______ covered by the nail body.

Answer 41

visible / keratinized

epidermis

Question 42

The site where nail production begins is _____, consists of _____ stem cells.

Answer 42

nail root

epithelial

Question 43

Describe the cuticle.

Answer 43

The part of the stratum corneum that extends a little over the exposed nail nearest the nail root.

Question 44

Forms a pale crescent moon shape on the nail body.

Answer 44

Lunula.