Ch. 2 Lecture Notes Review Flashcards
A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared.
Covalent
A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared equally.
Nonpolar covalent
List the 3 particles of the atom
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
List the 5 types of inorganic compounds
H20 CO2 O2 Acids, Basis, Buffers Salts
List the 3 types of chemical reactions
Decomposition
Synthesis
Reversible
Decomposition
reaction that breaks compounds into smaller substances by breaking chemical bonds
Synthesis
reaction that forms chemicals bonds and joins smaller molecules into larger molecules
Reversible
Involves both the decomposition and synthesis reactions
Chemical reaction that requires energy in form of ATP
Enzyme chemical reaction
What do enzymes do?
increase the rate and efficiency of chemical reactions
What proteins catalyze reactions?
Enzymes
Site of the enzyme that makes/breaks a covalent bond is the ______.
active site
List the four types of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Monomer for Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Polymer for Nucleic Acids
Polynucleotide
Monomer for Protein
Amino Acid
Polymer for Protein
Polypeptide
What is the most important source of energy for the cell?
Carbohydrates
What are the four types of lipids?
Fatty Acids
Fats aka triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids
What are the components of a Phospholipid?
2 fatty acids
1 glycerol
1 phosphate group
Where can you find phospholipids?
cell membrane
Proton has what kind of electrical charge?
Positive
Neutron has __________.
no electrical charge
Electrons are know for their ________.
negative electrical charge
Matter exists in 3 states. Name them.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
pH measures ……..
the concentration of H+ in a solution
Compounds are different from molecules because ………
A compound will display different characteristics than the individual elements.
What is a Hydrogen bond?
a weak bond between a partially positive H atom and a partially negative O or N atom
What is an Ionic bond?
A bond formed between electrically charged atoms called ions that have opposite charges.
Element
any substance that can’t be broken down to a different substance by normal chemical means
Elements that differ in number of neutrons are called _______.
isotopes
Solution
Solvent + solute
Water is the solvent in the human body, what are solutes?
inorganic and organic compounds
Buffers are compounds that _______pH by _______ or _______ H+
maintain
removing
releasing
Salts
Consist of any cation (except H+) and any anion except (OH-)
Held together by ionic bond
Dissociate in water
Salts inside the human body are known as ___.
electrolytes
List some electrolytes
Na+
K+
Ca++
Cl-
All the chemical reactions in the body make up your ________
metabolism
Enzymes are referred to as _________.
catalysts
Active site is the …..
location on the protein that catalyzes the making or breaking of a covalent bond
A reaction that removes a H2O compound from the reagents to form a covalent bond is a _____
Condensation reaction
Dehydration synthesis reaction
Hydrolysis involves water in a reaction to accomplish what?
To break a compound into smaller substances.
Inside the body, a decomposition reaction is called what?
Catabolism
Inside the cells, the synthesis reactions are called what?
Anabolism
A nucleotide consist of what 3 parts
Base
Sugar
Phosphate group
Adenine bonding with Thymine is an example of what?
complimentary base pairing of nucleotides
In complimentary base pairing what binds to guanine (G)?
Cytosine (C)
if a polynucleotide consists of a combination of bases denoted by the letters A, G, C and U
is the polynucleotide RNA or DNA? Explain.
is it likely to be double stranded or single stranded? Why?
RNA–Uracil (U) is specific to RNA
Single stranded. RNA is always single stranded.
What elements are found in the nucleotide?
N, C, H, O, P
What does this formula represent?
C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H20 + ATP
Cellular Respiration
ATP stands for _______________.
It is a form of _______.
Adenosine triphosphate.
Energy.
An _______ atom is very ______. Its outermost _____ is not full.
It will either lose or _____ an _______, or form a bond to become stable.
unstable / reactive
electron shell
gain / electron
