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Anatomy and Physiology > Ch. 2 Lecture Notes Review > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Lecture Notes Review Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared.

A

Covalent

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2
Q

A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared equally.

A

Nonpolar covalent

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3
Q

List the 3 particles of the atom

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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4
Q

List the 5 types of inorganic compounds

A 
H20
CO2
O2
Acids, Basis, Buffers
Salts
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5
Q

List the 3 types of chemical reactions

A

Decomposition
Synthesis
Reversible

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6
Q

Decomposition

A

reaction that breaks compounds into smaller substances by breaking chemical bonds

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7
Q

Synthesis

A

reaction that forms chemicals bonds and joins smaller molecules into larger molecules

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8
Q

Reversible

A

Involves both the decomposition and synthesis reactions

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9
Q

Chemical reaction that requires energy in form of ATP

A

Enzyme chemical reaction

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10
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

increase the rate and efficiency of chemical reactions

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11
Q

What proteins catalyze reactions?

A

Enzymes

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12
Q

Site of the enzyme that makes/breaks a covalent bond is the ______.

A

active site

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13
Q

List the four types of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

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14
Q

Monomer for Carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

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15
Q

Polymer for Nucleic Acids

A

Polynucleotide

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16
Q

Monomer for Protein

A

Amino Acid

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17
Q

Polymer for Protein

A

Polypeptide

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18
Q

What is the most important source of energy for the cell?

A

Carbohydrates

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19
Q

What are the four types of lipids?

A

Fatty Acids
Fats aka triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids

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20
Q

What are the components of a Phospholipid?

A

2 fatty acids
1 glycerol
1 phosphate group

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21
Q

Where can you find phospholipids?

A

cell membrane

22
Q

Proton has what kind of electrical charge?

A

Positive

23
Q

Neutron has __________.

A

no electrical charge

24
Q

Electrons are know for their ________.

A

negative electrical charge

25
Q

Matter exists in 3 states. Name them.

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

26
Q

pH measures ……..

A

the concentration of H+ in a solution

27
Q

Compounds are different from molecules because ………

A

A compound will display different characteristics than the individual elements.

28
Q

What is a Hydrogen bond?

A

a weak bond between a partially positive H atom and a partially negative O or N atom

29
Q

What is an Ionic bond?

A

A bond formed between electrically charged atoms called ions that have opposite charges.

30
Q

Element

A

any substance that can’t be broken down to a different substance by normal chemical means

31
Q

Elements that differ in number of neutrons are called _______.

A

isotopes

32
Q

Solution

A

Solvent + solute

33
Q

Water is the solvent in the human body, what are solutes?

A

inorganic and organic compounds

34
Q

Buffers are compounds that _______pH by _______ or _______ H+

A

maintain
removing
releasing

35
Q

Salts

A

Consist of any cation (except H+) and any anion except (OH-)
Held together by ionic bond
Dissociate in water

36
Q

Salts inside the human body are known as ___.

A

electrolytes

37
Q

List some electrolytes

A

Na+
K+
Ca++
Cl-

38
Q

All the chemical reactions in the body make up your ________

A

metabolism

39
Q

Enzymes are referred to as _________.

A

catalysts

40
Q

Active site is the …..

A

location on the protein that catalyzes the making or breaking of a covalent bond

41
Q

A reaction that removes a H2O compound from the reagents to form a covalent bond is a _____

A

Condensation reaction

Dehydration synthesis reaction

42
Q

Hydrolysis involves water in a reaction to accomplish what?

A

To break a compound into smaller substances.

43
Q

Inside the body, a decomposition reaction is called what?

A

Catabolism

44
Q

Inside the cells, the synthesis reactions are called what?

A

Anabolism

45
Q

A nucleotide consist of what 3 parts

A

Base
Sugar
Phosphate group

46
Q

Adenine bonding with Thymine is an example of what?

A

complimentary base pairing of nucleotides

47
Q

In complimentary base pairing what binds to guanine (G)?

A

Cytosine (C)

48
Q

if a polynucleotide consists of a combination of bases denoted by the letters A, G, C and U

is the polynucleotide RNA or DNA? Explain.

is it likely to be double stranded or single stranded? Why?

A

RNA–Uracil (U) is specific to RNA

Single stranded. RNA is always single stranded.

49
Q

What elements are found in the nucleotide?

A

N, C, H, O, P

50
Q

What does this formula represent?

C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H20 + ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

51
Q

ATP stands for _______________.

It is a form of _______.

A

Adenosine triphosphate.

Energy.

52
Q

An _______ atom is very ______. Its outermost _____ is not full.

It will either lose or _____ an _______, or form a bond to become stable.

A

unstable / reactive
electron shell

gain / electron

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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