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Anatomy and Physiology > A&P Lab Practical 2 > Flashcards

A&P Lab Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ocular lens

A

eyepiece / magnifies the image 10X

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2
Q

Objective lens

A

further magnifies the image

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3
Q

Nosepiece

A

holds the objectives and can be turned to change objectives

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4
Q

Arm

A

supports the body tube

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5
Q

Light source

A

provides light for viewing the image

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6
Q

Stage

A

supports a slide. A mechanical stage is movable.

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7
Q

Mechanical stage knobs

A

allow the movement of the mechanical stage.

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8
Q

Slide holder

A

secures the slide in position for viewing

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9
Q

Iris diaphragm

A

lever located under the stage. Controls the amount of light that is allowed through the object being viewed.

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10
Q

Coarse focus knob

A

moves the body tube up and down in large increments to allow gross positionin and focusing.

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11
Q

Fine focus knob

A

moves the body slightly to bring the image into sharp focus

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12
Q

Base

A

supports the microscope

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13
Q

Magnification

A

of times larger than itself an object appears to be. Image may not be clear.

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14
Q

Resolution

A

ability to distinguish two objects as separate entities.

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15
Q

Fine & Coarse focus knobs are responsible for allowing the _____ of a specimen.

A

resolution

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16
Q

The ocular and objective lenses are responsible for the ______ of a specimen.

A

magnification

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17
Q

What is the magnification of the Ocular Lens?

A

10X

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18
Q

What is magnification of the following objective lenses?

  1. Scanning
  2. Low Power
  3. High Power (dry)
A
  1. Scanning——–4X
  2. Low Power —–10X
  3. High Power (dry-40X
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19
Q

Because you use both the ocular and objective lens, the specimen is magnified twice.

Calculate the Total Magnification when the Objective lens is the following:

Low Power.

A

Ocular lens x Objective lens = Total Magnification

Low Power. 10X x 10X = 100X

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20
Q

Because you use both the ocular and objective lens, the specimen is magnified twice.

Calculate the Total Magnification when the Objective lens is the following:

High Power (dry).

A

Ocular lens x Objective lens = Total Magnification

High Power (dry). 10X x 40X = 400X

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21
Q

Because you use both the ocular and objective lens, the specimen is magnified twice.

Calculate the Total Magnification when the Objective lens is the following:

Scanning.

A

Ocular lens x Objective lens = Total Magnification

Scanning. 10X x 4X = 40X

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22
Q

What is the calculation for total magnification?

A

Total magnification = Magnifcation of Ocular lens x Magnification of Objective lens

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23
Q

Working distance

A

the distance from the objective lens to the specimen being observed

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24
Q

The benefit of ____ power lenses is that they _____ the images and allow you to see more _____.

The drawback is that the ____ power lens you use, the ___ the area of the specimen you see.

This is because the ___ power lenses have smaller ________.

A

high / enlarge / detail

higher / smaller

high / openings (apertures)

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25
Q

Working distance ______ considerably when you move from ____ to ___ power.

A

decreases

low

high

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26
Q

Field of view

A

the circular view seen in the eyepiece

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27
Q

Using the Microscope Procedure.

Use the ___________ to raise the stage towards the _________ as far as possible.

Watch from the ____ to make sure the _____ does not touch the slide.

A

coarse focus knob / scanning (4x) objective lens

side / objective lens

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28
Q

Using the Microscope Procedure.

Adjust the light by manipulating the ____ and ______ until the hole (______) provides the best light for observation.

A

light source / diaphragm / aperture

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29
Q

Never use the ______ focus knob when the low power or high dry power objective lens is in place.

A

coarse

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30
Q

Explain.

Parfocal

A

Parfocal means little refocusing is required when moving from one lens to another.

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31
Q

Using the Microscope Procedure.

After you use scanning lens to center and focus on a specimen, and then switch to the low power lens.

The specimen should still be ________ because the microscope is ________.

A

in focus

parfocal

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32
Q

True or False.

To fully appreciate the details of a specimen you should constantly be changing the depth of focus with the fine adjustment knob.

A

True

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33
Q

Using the Microscope Procedure.

The _____ depth perceived when looking through a microscope is called the ______.

It is _____ to see all parts of all specimens clearly at any one focal plane.

A

3-D / depth of field

impossible

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34
Q
A
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35
Q

ID the ocular, fine and coarse adjustment knobs.

A
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36
Q
A
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37
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A
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38
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39
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40
Q
A
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41
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42
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43
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44
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45
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46
Q
A
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47
Q
A

Adipose tissue

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48
Q
A

Compact Bone

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49
Q
A

Hyaline cartilage

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50
Q
A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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51
Q
A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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52
Q

Identify the major function.

Cell membrane

A
  1. Physical barrier between intracellular and extracellular environment.
  2. Regulates exchange of nutrients, waste, etc.
  3. Monitors changes in the surroundings.
  4. Structural support by connecting with other cells.
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53
Q

Identify the major function.

Nucleus

A
  1. Stores and processes genetic information.
  2. Assembles ribosomes.
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54
Q

Identify the cellular component.

The outer, non rigid boundary of the cytoplasm.

A

Cell membrane

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55
Q

Identify the cellular component.

The lightly stained portion of the cell, outside the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

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56
Q

Identify the cellular component.

A spherical, stained body located in the central portion of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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57
Q

Identify the cellular component.

A tiny, darker-stained body within the nucleus.

A

Nucleolus

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58
Q

Histology lab procedure. Indicate the objective magnification you used to make the drawing.

Simple Columnar Epithelia

59
Q

Histology lab procedure. You used the 40X objective to draw and label the following tissue slides:

  1. Simple Columnar Epithelia
  2. ?
  3. ?
  4. ?
  5. ?
A

40X–Highest power objective

  1. Simple Columnar Epithelia
  2. Hyaline Cartilage
  3. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  4. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
  5. Nervous Tissue
60
Q

Histology lab procedure. You used the 10X objective to draw and label the following tissue slides:

  1. ?
  2. ?
  3. ?
A

10X–Low power objective

  1. Adipose
  2. Stratified squamous epithelia
  3. Compact Bone
61
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following:

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A

a. Striations
b. Nuclei
c. Cell

62
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following tissue slide:

Stratified squamous epithelia

63
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following tissue slide:

Hyaline Cartilage

64
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw the following tissue slide:

Adipose tissue

65
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following tissue slide:

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

66
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following tissue slide:

Simple Squamous Epithelia

67
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following tissue slide:

Cardiac muscle

A

b. Nuclei
e. intercalated disc

68
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw and label the following tissue slide:

Neural tissue

A
  • i. Nerve Cell body j. Glial cells
  • k. Dendrites l. Nucleus m. Axon
69
Q

Histology lab procedure. Draw the following tissue slide:

Bone

70
Q

Integumentary lab.

On the model, identify major layers of the skin.

71
Q

Identify sublayers of the skin.

72
Q

Which tissue slide contained multiple tissue types and had a stained glass appearance?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

74
Q

List the 5 layers of the Epidermis.

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
75
Q

Label the 5 layers of the Epidermis.

76
Q

Which of these make up the Dermis layer?

A

Dermis

  • papillary layer
  • reticular layer
77
Q

Label the accesory structures of the skin.

78
Q

Identify the blood vessels on the skin model.

79
Q

List the 4 types of membranes.

A
  1. Mucous membranes
  2. Serous membranes
  3. Cutaneous membrane
  4. Synovial membranes
80
Q

Membranes are combination of _____ and _______ tissues.

A

epithelial

connective

81
Q

Which membrane lines the digestive and respiratory tracts?

A

Mucous membrane

82
Q

Which membrane type lines the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities?

A

Serous membrane

83
Q

Serous membranes have _______ and ____ layers.

A

parietal

visceral

84
Q

Parietal membrane lines the _______ of the cavity.

Visceral membrane lines the _______ of the cavity.

A

inner

outer

85
Q

The outer surface of the body is covered by the _____ membrane.

86
Q

The synovial membrane can be found lining the ______ cavities.

87
Q

The integumentary system is composed of the ____( the integument) and its accessory structures.

Skin has two layers, the ________ & ______.

Fill in the blank and list the accessory structures.

A

skin

epidermis, dermis

hair, glands, nails

88
Q

True or false

The skin is not the largest organ in the body.

89
Q

True or false

The hypodermis (subcatenous tissue) is not part of the integument.

90
Q

What does the hypodermis do?

A

It is a layer of tissue that connects the skin to the underlying tissues.

91
Q

A splinter penetrates to the third layer of the epidermis of the palm.

In which layer does it lodge?

A

stratum granulosum

92
Q

Dandruff is caused by excessive shedding of cells from the outer layers of the skin of scalp.
Thus, dandruff is composed of cells from which epidermal layer?

A

stratum corneum

93
Q

Skin has many functions. List functions that are related to regulation.

A
  • Maintenance of body temperature
  • Excretion of water, salts, and several organic compounds
  • synthesis of vitamin D
94
Q

Skin has many functions. List functions that are related to protection.

A

Protect soft tissue from abrasion, microorganisms, dehydration, UV radiation.

95
Q

Skin has many functions.

List functions that are related to detecting changes in the external environment..

A

Reception of stimuli for touch, pressure, pain and temperature change sensations.

96
Q

Name the two types of sudoriferous glands.

A

apocrine sweat glands

merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands

97
Q

Label: parts 1 , 2 , 3

A
  1. Parietal bone
  2. Frontal bone
  3. Zygomatic bone
98
Q

Label: parts 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Nasal bone
  3. Maxilla
  4. Zygomatic bone
99
Q

Label: parts 4 , 5 , 6 , 7

A
    1. Nasal bone
    1. Maxilla
    1. Mandible
    1. Lacrimal bone
100
Q

Label: parts 5 , 6 , 7

A
    1. Temporal bone
    1. Mastoid process of the temporal bone
    1. Parietal bone
101
Q

Label: parts A, B, C & 1, 2, 3

A
    1. Coronal Suture
    1. Squamosal Suture
    1. Lambdoid Suture
  • A. Mastoid process of temporal bone
  • B. External auditory meatus
  • C. Body of Mandible
102
Q

Label: parts A, B, C, D, E

A
  • A. Foramen magnum
  • B. Occipital bone
  • C. Body of Mandible
  • D. Vomer
  • E. Zygomatic bone
103
Q

Label: Occipital condyles

104
Q

Label: 1 through 5

A
  1. Coronal suture
  2. Squamosal suture
  3. Lambdoid suture
  4. Ethmoid bone
  5. Lacrimal bone
105
Q

Name the bone & label its structures

106
Q

Name the bone & label its structures

107
Q

Name the bone & label its structures

A
  • A Frontal bone
  • B Crista galli of ethmoid bone
  • C Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
  • D Sella turcica of sphenoid bone
  • E Sphenoid bone
108
Q

Name the structures for A, B, C

A
  • A sagittal suture
  • B Parietal bone
  • C Frontal bone
109
Q

Name the structures for D, E, F

A
  • D Lacrimal bone
  • E Nasal bone
  • F Vomer
110
Q

Name the structures for G, H

A
  • G Maxilla
  • H Mandible
111
Q

The highlighted bone is the _____.

A

sphenoid bone

112
Q

How many bones make up the orbit of the eye?

113
Q

List the bones that make up the orbit of the eye.

A
  1. Nasal
  2. Maxilla
  3. Lacrimal
  4. Ethmoid
  5. Frontal
  6. Sphenoid
  7. Zygomatic bone
114
Q

Use a Mnemonic Sentence to recall the 7 bones of the eye orbit.

A

Never Make Lucy Eat Frozen Spinach, Zach

  1. Nasal
  2. Maxilla
  3. Lacrimal
  4. Ethmoid
  5. Frontal
  6. Sphenoid
  7. Zygomatic bone
115
Q
117
Q
A

Cervical vertebra

118
Q
A

Thoracic Vertebra

119
Q
A

Lumbar vertebra

120
Q
A

Posterior view of the sacrum and coccyx

121
Q

Label a, b, c

A

Sternum aka breastbone

a. manubrium
b. body of sternum (or gladiolus)
c. xiphoid process

122
Q

Which label is in the wrong place?

123
Q

The red arrows are pointing to what?

124
Q

The purple arrow is pointing to what?

A

Canaliculi

125
Q

Which is the functional unit of compact bone?

126
Q

Which one is the blood vessel?

127
Q

Which one points to small channels that connect lacunae to blood vessels?

A

B. Canaliculi

128
Q

Add missing labels.

129
Q

What are lacunae? Where are they found?

A

Lacunae- small pockets containing osteocytes (bone cells)

Found in the compact bone.

130
Q
A

A. SPINE

B. CORACOID PROCESS

C. ACROMION

D. GLENOID FOSSA

131
Q

Identify this bone.

135
Q
A

a. phalanges
b. metacarpals
c. carpals

136
Q

Label A, B, C

A

A. Ilium

B. Ischium

C. Pubis

137
Q

Label D, E

A

D. Acetabulum

E. Obturator foramen

142
Q

Label all major structures.

143
Q

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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