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Anatomy and Physiology > A&P LAB Practical 1 > Flashcards

A&P LAB Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What Position is this?

A

Anatomical Position

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2
Q

Describe Anatomical Position

[Verbally]

A

F-PUSH

F- FEET CLOSE TOGETHER

P-PALMS FACING FORWARD

U-UPPER LIMBS DOWN AT THEIR SIDE

S-STANDING ERECT

H-HEAD FACING FORWARD

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3
Q

Demonstrate the Anatomical Position

A
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4
Q

Label the common Anatomical Landmarks

A
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5
Q

Label the Anatomical Landmarks

A
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6
Q

Label the Body Planes

A

Label the Body Planes

  1. Coronal
  2. Transverse
  3. Sagittal
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7
Q

Label the Body Planes

A
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8
Q

Body Planes

A
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9
Q

Anatomical Landmarks

Label at the asterisks

A
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10
Q

Define

Body Cavity

A

Define

Body Cavity

Spaces within the body that contain various organs.

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11
Q

What are the major Body Cavities?

A

Major Body Cavities

  • I. Dorsal
  • a. cranial
  • b. spinal
  • II. Ventral
  • a. thoracic
  • b. abdominal pelvic
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12
Q

List Major Organs for the Body Cavity

  1. Cranial
  2. Spinal
  3. Thoracic
  4. Abdominal*
  5. Pelvic*

* Emphasized during lab

A
  1. Cranial —————–Brain
  2. Spinal —————–Spinal Cord
  3. Thoracic —————–Heart & Lungs
  4. Abdominal* —–Digestive organs + kidneys
  5. Pelvic*—-Reproductive organs & Urinary bladder
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13
Q

List Major Organs for the Following Body Cavities

A

Cranial::Brain

Spinal::Spinal Cord

Thoracic::Heart & Lungs

Abdominal::Digestive organs & Kidneys

Pelvic::Reproductive organs and Urinary Bladder

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14
Q

ante

A

before

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15
Q

post

A

after

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16
Q

thorac

A

chest

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17
Q

nas

A

nose

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18
Q

orb*

A

circle

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19
Q

cervic

A

neck

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20
Q

acr

A

extremity

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21
Q

brachi

A

arm

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22
Q

digit

A

finger or toe

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23
Q

cranio

A

skull

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24
Q

peri

A

around

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25
Q

cardio

A

heart

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26
Q

trans

A

through

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27
Q

Hand is (proximal or distal) to the shoulder.

A

DISTAL

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28
Q

Mouth is (superior or inferior) to the nose.

A

INFERIOR

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29
Q

Heel of the foot is (proximal or distal) to the ankle.

A

PROXIMAL

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30
Q

The heart is (anterior or posterior) to the spinal cord.

A

ANTERIOR

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31
Q

The heart is (medial or lateral) to the arms.

A

MEDIAL

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32
Q

Thoracic Cavity contains…..

A
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33
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity contains ….

A
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34
Q

Label these cavities

A
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35
Q

Name the four Major Types of Organic Compounds found in Humans.

A

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Lipids

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36
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharide

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37
Q

What is the monomer for Protein?

A

Amino Acid

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38
Q

What is the monomer for Nucleic Acid?

A

Nucleotide

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39
Q

Lipids do not consist of monomers.

List some examples of lipids.

A

Fatty Acids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

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40
Q

Identify this Biomolecule.

A
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41
Q

List the Monosaccharides we discussed in Lab.

A

Monosaccharides

  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Ribose
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42
Q

List the Disaccharides we discussed in Lab.

A

Disaccharides

  1. Sucrose
  2. Maltose
  3. Lactose
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43
Q

List the Polysaccharides we discussed in Lab.

A

Polysaccharides

  1. Glycogen
  2. Starch
  3. Cellulose
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44
Q

Carbohydrate Testing

Benedict’s Reagent identifies Glucose

What does the Negative Test look like?

A

Carbohydrate Testing

Negative Result for Glucose

Blue

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45
Q

Carbohydrate Testing

Benedict’s Reagent identifies Glucose

What does the Positive Test look like?

A

Carbohydrate Testing

Postive Result for Glucose

Orange

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46
Q

Carbohydrate Testing

Benedict’s Reagent identifies Glucose

What if there is no Glucose, but lots of Starch in solution?

A

Carbohydrate Testing

Negative for Glucose

Blue

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47
Q

A test involving Benedict’s Reagent requires what?

A

Boiling for 1 minute.

48
Q

Lugol’s Reagent is specific to which of these?

Monosaccharide

Polysaccharide

A

Polysaccharide

49
Q

True or False

Lugol’s Reagent gives a positive result when mixed with Fresh Potato Juice.

A

TRUE

50
Q

True or False

Lugol’s Iodine gives a positive result when mixed with Apple Juice.

A

FALSE

51
Q

True or False

Lugol’s Iodine gives a positive result when mixed with Karo Syrup.

A

False

52
Q

True or False

Lugol’s Iodine gives a positive result when mixed with 1% Starch Solution.

A

TRUE

53
Q

Identify this Biomolecule

A

Amino Acid

54
Q

What is the Relationship between these two biomolecules?

A

Polypeptides are made up of monomers called amino acids.

55
Q

How do we test for Protein?

A

Biuret Reagent

56
Q

If I test Apple Juice with Biuret Reagent ……

A

It turns

Blue / Negative

57
Q

If I test Albumin with Biuret Reagent ……

A

It turns

VIOLET / Positive

58
Q

Biuret Test for Protein requires what?

A

10 drops of Biuret Reagent and mixing.

59
Q

What biomolecule is referred to as our genetic material?

A

Nucleic Acids

DNA

60
Q

If proteins are the most diverse and most important molecules in our cells,

Why is DNA the “master molecule?”

A

DNA carries the codes for how to make the proteins.

Proteins cannot be made without the exact sequence of bases in the DNA.

61
Q

Throughout our ____, the appearance of the right proteins at the right time in our _____ maintains the structure and ____ of our bodies and continues our life.

A

lives

cells

function

62
Q

DNA carries thousands of codes or ________.

They instruct what ______ should be linked to make up a _______.

It is the _____ that allows a protein to carry out its own specific task in the cell.

A

genes

amino acids / polypeptide

shape

63
Q

DNA is a polymer made from two _____ _______ of

linked _________ twisted together

into a _____ ____.

A

long strands

nucleotides

double helix

64
Q

The DNA double helix is very ______ because of the _______ bonds that join the nucleotides together.

Adding to the strength of the double helix structure are : ___________formed between__________.

A

stable / covalent

Hydrogen bonds / paired nitrogenous bases

65
Q

What are the reactants in this reaction?

A

Amino acids

66
Q

What is the product in this reaction?

A

dipeptide

67
Q

What type of chemical reaction is this?

A

Dehydration

68
Q

What molecule is leaving?

What type of bond is being formed?

A

H2O

Covalent / Peptide Bond

69
Q

What monomer is used to form DNA?

Describe the structure of DNA.

A

Nucleotide

Structure of DNA is a double helix made up of a sugar phosphate backbone, with an interior held together by the pairing of nitrogenous bases; the structure is then given a helical twist (winding staircase look) with the aid and stabilization of Hydrogen bonds.

70
Q

What did you observe when you examined the DNA attached to the glass rod?

What did you use to precipitate this?

A

Thick, sticky, opaque substance.

Lots of cold alcohol.

71
Q

What chemical color indicator did you use to detect glucose?

What solutions contained glucose?

Couldn’t you just taste them for glucose?

A

Benedict’s Reagent

Karo syrup, apple juice, carbonated soda

NO! Eating or drinking isn’t allowed in the lab ;(

72
Q

Basic Unit of Length

A

Meter, m

73
Q

Basic Unit of Volume

A

Liter, l or L

74
Q

Basic Unit of Mass

A

Gram, g

75
Q

Basic Unit of Time

A

Second, s

76
Q

Basic Unit of Temperature

A

Degree Celsius, C

77
Q

kilo

A

1000

78
Q

deci

A

1/10

79
Q

centi

A

1/100

80
Q

milli

A

1/1,000

81
Q

micro

A

1/1,000,000

82
Q

nano

A

1/1,000,000,000

83
Q

k

A

kilo

84
Q

d

A

deci

85
Q

c

A

centi

86
Q

m

A

milli

87
Q

u

A

micro

88
Q

n

A

nano

89
Q

RT or room temperature

A

20 dec C

90
Q

Body temperature

A

37 deg C

91
Q

Temperature of boiling water

A

100 deg C

92
Q

Temperature of refrigerator

A

2-8 dec C

93
Q

Freezing temperature of water

A

0 dec C

94
Q

One-millionth of a gram

A

ug, microgram

95
Q

One thousand meters

A

km, kilometer

96
Q

One-thousandth of a meter

A

mm, millimeter

97
Q

One-hundredth of a meter

A

cm, centimeter

98
Q

One-thousandth of a liter

A

mL, milliliter

99
Q

One-billionth of a gram

A

ng, nanogram

100
Q

Molecules such as ____ and _____ dissolved in water may dissociate into charged ions, _______.

A

acids

bases

ionization

101
Q

An _____ is a substance that when it ionizes in a ____-based solution, it increases the number of ___ in a solution.

A

acid

water

H+ / Hydrogen ions / protons

102
Q

A _____ is a substance that when it _________ in a water-based solution, it ______ the number of H+ in a solution.

A

base

ionizes

decreases

103
Q

pH is the _______ of the concentration of _________ in a solution.

It can be easily measured by a _____.

A

measurement

protons / H+ / hydrogen ions

pH strip

104
Q

If blood pH rises over 7.45 that means that the concentration of ______ goes _______.

Is blood pH over 7.45 in-range or out-of-range?

A

protons

down

out-of-range

105
Q

Our body’s organic molecules, especially _______ may not function when the pH is changed.

We need to balance pH in our bodies because _____ ____ release waste products that can change pH.

Also the _________can change the pH in our cells and fluids.

A

proteins

living cells

food we eat

106
Q

pH scale ranges from _______.

pH = _____is neutral

pH greater than ____is basic.

acidic pH is anything _________

A

0 to 14

7

7

less than 7

107
Q

What happens when H2O combines with CO2?

A

Carbonic Acid

H2CO3

108
Q

What does acidosis mean?

A

The increase in protons has decreased blood pH below 7.35

109
Q

Difference in pH scale between 2 and 3 signifies a difference of ___. pH measures what? __

Solution with pH 2 is ten times more _____ than a solution of pH 3.

if a solution A is 100 times more concentrated than solution B than the pH difference is __.

A

10 times / protons

concentrated

2

110
Q

A buffer is a ______.

It functions to _____ the change in pH when a ___ or ___ is added to solution.

A

solution

minimize

base

acid

111
Q

Add acid to a buffer and the buffer will combine with _____ and help _______ the pH.

It is the _____ in the buffer which binds H+

A

extra protons

maintain

weak base

112
Q

Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product during cell respiration.

If the body cannot get rid of CO2 it will combine with ______ in the blood and lower the blood pH.

Lungs regulate the amount of _____ in the blood.

And the kidneys regulate the amount of ______ ions in the blood.

A

water

CO2

bicarbonate / HCO3-

113
Q

Add a _____ to a buffer and the buffer will release H+ to maintain the pH.

Most buffers consist of a weak acid and weak base

It is the ____ that releases H+ to maintain pH.

A

base

weak acid

114
Q

3 main buffer systems of the body*

A

Bicarbonate

Phosphate

Protein

115
Q

What 2 organs regulate the amount of

CO2 and HCO3- in the blood?

A

Lungs

Kidneys

116
Q

Give the formula that summarizes the

reaction of CO2 and H20 in the blood.

A

CO2 + H20 H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-

Lungs remove CO2

Kidneys remove HCO3-

117
Q

Name some diseases that cause acidosis.

A

Emphysema

asthma

bronchitis

pneumonia

pulmonary edema

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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