Ch. 6 General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called:
physiology
Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called______________in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present.
protoplasm
In addition to the protoplasm, the principal parts of the cell are the:
nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane
The cell structure that plays an important role in cell reproduction is the:
nucleus
Protoplasm is to raw egg white as____________is to raw egg yolk.
nucleus
The watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell is the:
cytoplasm
The part of the cell that permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell is called the:
cell membrane
The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as:
mitosis
Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as they are favored with the proper temperature, they can eliminate waste products, and they are supplied with an adequate supply of:
food, oxygen, and water
Collections of similar cells that perform a particular function are called:
tissues
Tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body is called___________tissue.
Connective
What type of tissue protects and insulates the body?
Adipose tissue
What is the protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, or linings of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands?
Epithelial tissue
What type of tissue carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?
Nerve
Structures of the body that perform specific functions are known as:
organs
Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions are known as:
systems
Body systems are arranged to form an:
organism
The stomach and intestines are part of the ____________system.
digestive
The skeletal system consists of:
bones
A_________is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.
Joint
The cranium is made up of how many bones?
Eight
The hindmost bone of the skull is the__________bone.
occipital
The bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are the __________bones.
parietal
What bone form the forehead?
Frontal
The bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are the___________bones.
temporal
The light spongy bone between the eye sockets is the _____________bone.
ethmoid
The bones of the upper jaw are called:
maxillae
The largest and strongest bone of the face is the:
mandible
The large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder is the:
scapula
The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the:
humerus
The three parts of a muscle are the:
origin, insertion, and belly
The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull is called the:
epicranius
Which muscle of the scalp raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead?
frontalis
The tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis is the:
epicranial aponeurosis
The broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin, and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip, is called the__________muscle.
platysma
The muscle that rotates and lowers the head is called the______________muscle.
sternocleidomastoideus
Muscles represent about________________percent of the body’s total weight.
40 to 50
Which muscle enables the eyes to close?
Orbicularis oculi
The muscle that draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the:
corrugator
Which muscle covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose?
Procerus
The thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips is the ___________muscle.
buccinator
Which muscle of the mouth draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as when grinning?
Risorius
The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are:
biceps
The large, thick triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder and lifts and turns the arm outward is called the:
deltoid
The muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and the fingers to form a straight line are called:
extensors
The muscles that turn the radius outward and the palm upward are the:
supinators
The muscles that separate the fingers are called:
abductors
The muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes is the:
extensor digitorum longus
Sensory nerves are also called__________nerves.
afferent
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage?
Ophthalmic nerve
The sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand is the __________nerve.
radial
Pain from injury or compression of the__________nerve can radiate throughout the abdomen and be sensed in the lower back, hip, or lower abdomen.
sciatic
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?
Sural nerve
Another name for the circulatory system is the _____________system.
cardiovascular
_________________are thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Arteries
The tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials are known as:
capillaries
Thin-walled blood vessels that contain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward are called:
veins
Blood is approximately______________percent water
80
which artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear?
Internal carotid artery
Lymph nodes filer the lymphatic vessels, which helps:
fight infection
The integumentary system consists of the skin and________________glands.
sweat
Secretions that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body are called:
hormones
What gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body?
Pituitary
What gland controls how quickly energy is burned?
Thyroid
The primary hormone produced by the female reproductive system is:
estrogen
