Ch. 20 part 1

Question 1

Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are_______________bonds.

Answer 1

peptide

Question 2

Polypeptide chains are long chains of amino acids joined together by:

Answer 2

peptide bonds

Question 3

Keratin proteins are made of long chains of__________linked together end-to-end like beads.

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

What type of bond forms when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together?

Answer 4

Disulfide

Question 5

The action of alkaline permanent waving lotion is to soften and:

Answer 5

expand the hair

Question 6

The chemical action of____________breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called reduction.

Answer 6

waving lotion

Question 7

__________hair with a strong, resistant cuticle layer needs the additional swelling and penetration that is provided by a stronger and more highly alkaline waving solution.

Answer 7

Coarse

Question 8

_________hair with a damaged cuticle layer is easily penetrated and could be further damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution.

Answer 8

Porous

Question 9

The alkalinity of the perm chosen should correspond to the resistance, strength, and __________of the cuticle layer.

Answer 9

porosity

Question 10

What is the main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline perms?

Answer 10

Ammonium thioglycolate

Question 11

What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?

Answer 11

Glycerol monothioglycolate

Question 12

What type of perm is activated by heat created chemically within the product?

Answer 12

Exothermic

Question 13

Waves that process more quickly and produce firmer curls than true acid waves are:

Answer 13

acid-balanced waves

Question 14

A perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood dryer, is known as:

Answer 14

endothermic

Question 15

What type of hair is more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage from perm services?

Answer 15

Fine

Question 16

What type of hair usually requires more processing than medium or fine hair and may also be more resistant to processing?

Answer 16

Coarse

Question 17

The amount of processing should be determined by the _____________, not necessarily the perm’s processing time.

Answer 17

strength of the solution

Question 18

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first__________minutes.

Answer 18

five to ten

Question 19

A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately____________percent of the hair’s disulfide bonds.

Answer 19

50

Question 20

If too many__________bonds are broken in the perming process, the hair will be too weak to hold a firm curl.

Answer 20

disulfide

Question 21

Neutralization rebuilds _______ that were broken by the waving solution.

Answer 21

disulfide bonds

Question 22

if the hair is underprocessed, further processing will make it:

Answer 22

curlier

Question 23

If the hair is not____________, the hydrogen peroxide in the neutralizer can react with waving lotion and cause the hair color to lighten.

Answer 23

rinsed properly

Question 24

Always rinse perm solution from the hair for at least__________minutes before applying the neutralizer.

Answer 24

five

Question 25

Some manufacturers recommend the application of a_____________after blotting and before application of the neutralizer.

Answer 25

pre-neutralizing conditioner

Question 26

What type of liquid protein conditioner can be applied to the hair and dried under a warm dryer for five minutes or more prior to neutralization if hair is damaged?

Answer 26

Acidic

Question 27

Thio neutralization rebuilds the disulfide bonds by removing the________that was added by the permanent waving solution.

Answer 27

hydrogen

Question 28

What test is effective for determining correct processing time; expected results; rod and wrap choice; how color will be affected; and if the hair will break, dry, or frizz?

Answer 28

Preliminary test curl

Question 29

Which type of rods have a small diameter in the center area and gradually increase to their largest diameter at the ends?

Answer 29

Concave

Question 30

Straight rods are equal in______________along their entire length or curling area and produce a uniform curl along the entire width of the strand.

Answer 30

diameter

Question 31

End papers, or end wraps, are thin, absorbent papers used to_____________of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on the perm rods.

Answer 31

control the ends

Question 32

The_________is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of the hair being wrapped.

Answer 32

double flat wrap

Question 33

The________uses only one end paper and is placed over the top of the strand of hair.

Answer 33

single flat wrap

Question 34

When one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope, it is called the______________

Answer 34

bookend wrap

Question 35

All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into panels that are further divided into subsections called?

Answer 35

base sections

Question 36

"Base placement" refers to the position of the rod in relation to its____________and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.

Answer 36

base section

Question 37

For________________, the hair is wrapped 45-degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.

Answer 37

on-base placement

Question 38

For________, the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section.

Answer 38

half off-base placement

Question 39

For_________, the hair is wrapped 45-degrees below the center of the base section, so that the rod is positioned completely off its base section.

Answer 39

off-base placement

Question 40

The_____________wrap is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod, which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, like the stripes on a candy cane.

Answer 40

spiral

Question 41

A method of wrapping a permanent wave that is suitable for very long hair is the:

Answer 41

double-rod wrap

Question 42

The basic perm wrap is also called a_________wrap.

Answer 42

straight set

Question 43

In the_____________wrap, partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head.

Answer 43

curvature

Question 44

Which wrap is used to prevent noticable splits and to blend the flow of the hair?

Answer 44

Bricklay

Question 45

The____________wrap uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.

Answer 45

weave technique

Question 46

Perming only a section of a whole head of hair is called:

Answer 46

partial perming

Question 47

In order to make a smooth transition from the rolled section of the head to an unrolled section, use a larger rod for the last rod next to an unrolled section when giving a:

Answer 47

partial perm

Question 48

Many male clients are looking for added__________, fullness, style, and low maintenance that only a perm can provide.

Answer 48

texture

Question 49

Metallic salts leave a coating on the hair that may cause___________, severe discoloration, or hair breakage.

Answer 49

uneven curls

Question 50

When performing a procedure for a preliminary test curl, wrap one rod in each different area of the head, including the top, the side, and the:

Answer 50

nape