Ch. 12 Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
Organic chemistry is the study of all substances containing:
carbon
The branch of chemistry that deals with products without carbon is called:
inorganic chemistry
What term refers to anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in a solid, liquid, or gas form?
Matter
Everything known to exist in the universe is either made of matter or___________, which does not occupy space or have mass.
Energy
Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called:
elements
What is the basic unit of matter that cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?
Atom
When two or more atoms are joined together chemically, a___________is created.
molecule
Which substance is an example of an elemental molecule?
Ozone
A new substance formed by chemically combining two or more atoms of different elements is known as a:
compound
All matter exists in one of three different physical forms: solid, liquid, and:
gas
When one chemical changes its state of matter, the change is called a:
physical change
What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water?
Physical
When a substance gains oxygen, the substance is:
oxidized
Redox is also known as:
oxidation-reduction
A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance is called a:
reduction reaction
A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound is known as a:
reducing agent
A combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties is known as a:
physical mixture
What is made when salt is dissolved in water?
Solution
In creating a solution, the liquid used to dissolve a substance is called the:
solvent
Because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent, ___________is known as a universal solvent.
water
Liquids that mix easily are known as___________
miscible
Nail polish containing glitter is an unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, which is known as a:
suspension
A mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder is a:
emulsion
Substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify are:
surfactants
The head of a surfactant molecule is_____________, meaning water-loving.
hydrophilic
The tail of a surfactant molecule is______________, meaning oil-loving.
lipophilic
What is a special type of oil used in nail polish dryers and as a skin protectant?
Silicone
The separating of a substance into ions is known as:
ionization
Only products that contain_______can have a pH.
water
Pure water with a pH of seven is considered to be:
neutral
A product with a pH of 8.9 is considered:
alkaline
Another name for alkalis is:
bases
When acids and alkalies are mixed together in equal proportions, they_______each other.
neutralize
