Ch. 6 Fingerprints

Question 1

anthropometry

Answer 1

a method of identification devised by Alphonse Bertillon in the 19th Century that used a set of body measurements to form a personal profile

Question 2

arch

Answer 2

a fingerprint pattern in which ridges enter on one side of the print, form a wave, and flow out on the other side

Question 3

biometrics

Answer 3

a technology using features of the human body for identification

Question 4

dermis

Answer 4

the second layer of skin

- contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles

Question 5

digital imaging

Answer 5

the recording of images with a digital camera

Question 6

epidermis

Answer 6

the tough outer layer of skin

Question 7

friction ridge characteristics

Answer 7

skin on the soles of feet, palms of the hands, and fingers in humans that forms ridges and valleys

Question 8

iodine fuming

Answer 8

the use of iodine sublimation to develop latent prints on porous and nonporous surfaces
- iodine vapors react with lipids in the oil from the latent print to form a visible image

Question 9

latent fingerprint

Answer 9

a friction ridge impression that is not readily visible to the naked eye

Question 10

loop

Answer 10

a fingerprint pattern in which ridges enter on one side of the print, form a wave, and flow out the same side

Question 11

minutiae

Answer 11

bifurcations, ending ridges, and dots in the ridge patterns of fingerprints

Question 12

ninhydrin

Answer 12

a chemical used to visualize latent fingerprints

- ninhydrin reacts with amino acids in latent fingerprints to form a blue-purple compound called Ruhemann’s purple

Question 13

patent fingerprint

Answer 13

a fingerprint that is readily visible to the eye

Question 14

plastic fingerprint

Answer 14

a fingerprint indentation left by pressing a finger into a soft surface

Question 15

radial loop

Answer 15

a loop pattern that flows in thedirection of the thumb

Question 16

Ruhemann’s purple

Answer 16

the blue-purple compound formed in latent fingerprints when they are developed with ninhydrin

Question 17

Super Glue fuming

Answer 17

a technique for visualizing latent fingerprints in which fumes from heated Super Glue (cyanoacrylate glue) react with the latent print

Question 18

typica

Answer 18

points in a fingerprint where ridge lines end or where one ridge splits into two

Question 19

ulnar loop

Answer 19

a loop pattern that flows in the direction of the little finger

Question 20

visible fingerprint

Answer 20

a fingerprint that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 21

whorl

Answer 21

a fingerprint forming concentric circles in the center of the finger pad

Question 22

The early system of personal identification that was based on measurement of body parts was called _____________.

Answer 22

anthropometry

Question 23

Alphonse Bertillon’s personal identification system required the measurement of ________. the morphological description of __________. and a description of _______.

Answer 23

bony parts of the body; appearance and shape of the body and its measured parts; marks on the surface of the body

Question 24

The fingerprint classification system that is used in most English-speaking countries was originally developed by _____________ (Francis Galton/Edward Henry).

Answer 24

Edward Henry

Question 25

The fingerprint classification system that is used in most Spanish-speaking countries was originally developed by __________.

Answer 25

Juan Vucetich

Question 26

Francis Galton estimated the odds of two individual fingerpritns being the same as 1 in _______.

Answer 26

64 billion

Question 27

In 1999, attorneys argued that fingerprints could not be proven to be unique using ______ guidelines. The U.S. District Court _______ the admissibility of finger-print evidence.

Answer 27

Daubert, upheld

Question 28

The layer of skin nearest the surface is called the ______; the thick layer below is called the ______.

Answer 28

epidermis, dermis

Question 29

Fingerprints are classified into three general patterns: ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 29

loops, whorls, arches

Question 30

Of the three fingerprint patterns, the ______ pattern is the most common, the ______ pattern is the next most common, and the ______ is the least common.

Answer 30

loops, whorls, arches

Question 31

The loop pattern on yout left hand that enters and exits from the left is called a(n) ______ (radial/ulnar) loop.

Answer 31

ulnar

Question 32

A loop pattern on your right hand that enters and exits from the left is called a(n) _______ (radial/ulnar) loop.

Answer 32

radial

Question 33

A delta is a location in the fingerprint where two lines run side by side and then diverge to form a(n) ______.

Answer 33

triangle

Question 34

Any fingerprint that contains two or more deltas is considered to be a(n) ______ pattern.

Answer 34

whorl

Question 35

The center of a loop pattern is called the ______.

Answer 35

core

Question 36

Whorls can be divided into four classifications: ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 36

plain, central pocket, double loop, accidental

Question 37

If a print contains no deltas, then it is a(n) ______ pattern.

Answer 37

arch

Question 38

If a print contains one delta, then it is a(n) ______ pattern.

Answer 38

loop

Question 39

A friction ridge impression that is not visible to the naked eye is called a(n) ______ fingerprint.

Answer 39

latent

Question 40

A friction ridge impression that is left in the surface of a soft material is called a(n) ______ fingerprint.

Answer 40

plastic

Question 41

Latent prints on a hard and non-absorbant surface are usually developed by the application of ______.

Answer 41

powder

Question 42

Finger-print examiners have found that only two colors of fingerprint powder are necessary: ______, and ______.

Answer 42

black, grey

Question 43

One of the more popular fingerprint lifting tapes uses a(n) ______ system to protect the lifted print.

Answer 43

hinge

Question 44

Latent prints on soft and porous surfaces are made visible by ______ treatment.

Answer 44

chemical