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CHE104 > Ch. 13 Biological Fluids: Blood, Semen, Saliva & Intro to DNA > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Biological Fluids: Blood, Semen, Saliva & Intro to DNA Flashcards

1
Q

adenine

A

1 of the 2 double-ringed bases found in nucleic acids

  • purine
  • pairs w/ thymine or uracil
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2
Q

adenine

A

1 of the 2 double-ringed bases found in nucleic acids

- purine

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3
Q

agglutination

A

a situation in which red blood cells stick together

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4
Q

allele

A

the sequence of nucleotides on DNA that constitutes the form of a gene at a specific spot or a chromosome
- may be several variations of this sequence

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5
Q

antibody

A

a protein that inactivates a specific antigen

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6
Q

anticodon

A

the 3-base sequence carried by the tRNA molecule that determines which specific amino acid it will deliver

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7
Q

antigen

A

any substance (usually a protein) capable of triggering a response from the immune system

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8
Q

antiserum

A

blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens

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9
Q

blood serum

A

blood plasma w/ its protein content removed

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10
Q

chromosomes

A

the structures in the nuclei of cells that are coiled around histone molecules

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11
Q

coding region

A

a section of DNA that contains the code for protein synthesis

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12
Q

codon

A

3-base sequence along the mRNA strand that determine the order in which tRNA molecules bring the amino acids to the mRNA

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13
Q

cytoplasm

A

the part of the cell surrounding the nucleus

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14
Q

cytoplasm

A

the part of the cell surrounding the nucleus

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15
Q

cytosine

A

1 of the 3 single-ring bases found in nucleic acids

  • pyrimidine
  • pairs w/ guanine
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16
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

a double-stranded helix of nucleotides that carries the genetic information of a cell

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17
Q

deoxyribose

A

the sugar in DNA

- has 2 hydrogen atoms

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18
Q

double helix

A

a structure that can be compared to a spiral staircase

- consisting of 2 polynucleotide chains wound around each other

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19
Q

genetic code

A

the specific amino acid that each of the 3-base sequences in mRNA codes has

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20
Q

guanine

A

1 of the double-ring bases found in nucleic acids

  • purine
  • pairs w/ cytosine
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21
Q

heterozygous

A

having different alleles @ one or more corresponding chromosomal loci

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22
Q

homozygous

A

having identical alleles @ corresponding chromosomal loci

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23
Q

locus

A

a specific location on the DNA chain

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24
Q

noncoding region

A

complex compounds that are found in all living cells except mammalian red blood cells

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25
Q

nucleotides

A

long chains of repeating units that make up nucleic acids

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26
Q

plasma

A

the colorless fluid of the blood in which the red & white blood cells are suspended

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27
Q

precipitin

A

an antibody that reacts w/ a specific soluble antigen to produce a precipitate

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28
Q

presumptive test

A

a test that provides a reasonable basis for belief

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29
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

a nucleic acid found primarily in the cytoplasm

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30
Q

ribose

A

a sugar that contains a hydrogen atom & an -OH group

31
Q

secretor

A

an individual who has significant concentrations of antigens not only in his/her blood but also in other body fluids (ie. perspiration, saliva, semen & urine)

32
Q

serology

A

the science that deals w/ the properties & reactions of blood serum

33
Q

thymine

A

1 of the 3 single-ring bases found in nucleic acids

  • pyrimidine
  • pairs w/ adenine
34
Q

uracil

A

1 of the 3 single-ring bases found in nucleic acids

  • pyrimidine
  • found in RNA
  • pairs w/ adenine
35
Q

uracil

A

1 of the 3 single-ring bases found in nucleic acids

  • pyrimidine
  • found in RNA
  • pairs w/ adenine
36
Q

The liquid portion of blood is called _____.

A

plasma

37
Q

Blood plasma is _____% water.

A

90%

38
Q

Red blood cells are called ______.

A

erythocytes

39
Q

White blood cells are called ______.

A

leucocytes

40
Q

Platelets are called ______.

A

thrombocytes

41
Q

The only mammalian cells that do not have a nucleus are _______.

A

–

42
Q

The one presumptive blood test that is performed directly on the bloodstained object is the ______ test.

A

Kastle-Meyer

43
Q

Most presumptive tests for blood rely on ______ ability to catalyze the oxidation of certain reagents.

A

–

44
Q

In most cases, the presumptive tests for blood apply a dye solution that is followed by the application of ______ ________.

A

–

45
Q

In most cases, the presumptive tests for blood apply a dye solution that is followed by the application of ______ ________.

A

–

46
Q

Red blood cells have specific carbohydrates on their surface that are called _____.

A

antigens

47
Q

When animals are injected w/ human blood, they form _______.

A

antbodies

48
Q

A person who has a significant concentration of blood antigens in his or her perspiration & saliva is referred to as a(n) _______.

A

–

49
Q

The two most common blood types in the United States are ____ and _____.

A

–

50
Q

The presumptive test for saliva searches for the enzyme called _______ ________.

A

–

51
Q

A(n) ______ light is used to search the crime scene for semen stains.

A

–

52
Q

A presumptive test for seminal fluid that is not dependent on the presence of sperm checks for the presence of _______, a protein produced in the prostrate.

A

–

53
Q

Semen can be unambiguously identified by the presence of _______ when observed under a microscope.

A

–

54
Q

In cases of rape, the violent contact between the victim & the assailant may result in a(n) _____ of evidence.

A

–

55
Q

Inside the cell are ______, where protein synthesis occurs.

A

–

56
Q

The cell’s energy is produced by the _____.

A

–

57
Q

Hereditary material found in the nucleus of the cell in elongated bodies called ______.

A

–

58
Q

Chromosomes are made of _______.

A

–

59
Q

The position of a gene along a DNA strand is known as a(n) _______.

A

–

60
Q

If a genetic locus is located at a different position, it is termed a(n) ______.

A

–

61
Q

If two alleles at a specific genetic locus on homologous chromosomes are different, they are _______ (heterozygous/homozygous).

A

heterozygous

62
Q

If the mother has type AA blood and the father has type BB blood, their offspring will have type ___ blood.

A

AB

63
Q

Nucelic acids are found in all living human cells except _____ _____ _____ cells.

A

–

64
Q

DNA is found in the ______ of the cell.

A

nucleus

65
Q

RNA is found in the _____ of the cell.

A

cytoplasm

66
Q

The base uracil is found only in ________.

A

RNA

67
Q

The sequence of the 4 bases in DNA is referred to as its _____ structure.

A

–

68
Q

DNA consists of 2 strands of bases wound around each other to form a(n) _______ _______.

A

double helix

69
Q

The base G on one strand of DNA always hydrogen-bonds to a(n) ______ base on the other strand.

A

–

70
Q

The base A on one strand of DNA always hydrogen-bonds to a(n) ______ base on the other strand.

A

–

71
Q

Genes are the segments of DNA that control the production of ______.

A

–

72
Q

Each transfer of RNA molecule carries a 3-base sequence that is called a(n) _______.

A

–

73
Q

Mitochondria produce _______ for the cell.

A

–

CHE104 (15 decks)

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