Ch. 11 Drugs of Abuse

Question 1

alcohol

Answer 1

the common name for ethyl alcohol

- a central nervous system depressant

Question 2

alkaloids

Answer 2

organic compounds that normally have basic chemical properties

• usually contain at least 1 nitrogen atom in a ring
• occurring in many vascular plants & some fungi
• known for their poisonous or medicinal attributes

Question 3

types of alkaloids

Answer 3

1) nicotine
2) quinine
3) cocaine
4) morphine

Question 4

amphetamines

Answer 4

drugs that have a stimulant affect on the CNS

• can be physically & psychologically addictive when overused
• street term: speed

Question 5

anabolic steroids

Answer 5

molecules that promote the storage of protein & the growth of tissue
- sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size & strength

Question 6

analgesic

Answer 6

a medicine used to relieve pain

Question 7

barbituates

Answer 7

a group of barbituric acid derivatives that act as CNS depressants
- used as sedatives

Question 8

bulk samples

Answer 8

samples of drugs that are large enough to be weighed

Question 9

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 9

the vertebrate nervous system

- consists of: brain + spinal cord

Question 10

cocaine

Answer 10

a white crystaline alkaloid that is extracted from coca leaves
- widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric & stimulating effects

Question 11

codeine

Answer 11

an alkaloid narcotic that is derived from opium

- used as a cough suppressant & analsegic

Question 12

confirmation test

Answer 12

a test that IDs the presence of an illegal drug

- results may be used as confirmatory evidence in court proceedings

Question 13

depressant

Answer 13

a drug that decreases the rate of vital physiological activities

Question 14

hallucinogen

Answer 14

a drug that induces hallucinations or altered sensory experiences

Question 15

heroin

Answer 15

a white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound

• derived from morphine
• highly addictive narcotic

Question 16

immunoassay

Answer 16

a test that makes use of the binding between a antigen & its antibody
- identifies & quantifies the specific antigen or antibody in a sample

Question 17

infrared spectrophotometry

Answer 17

a technique that measures the absorption of infrared radiation by a drug sample @ different wavelengths

Question 18

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Answer 18

a crystalline compound derived from lysergic acid

- used as powerful hallucinogenic drug

Question 19

marijuana

Answer 19

a hallucinogenic drug

• made from dried flower clusters & leaves of the cannabis plant
• usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria

Question 20

mass spectrometry

Answer 20

an instrument that identifies chemicals in a substance by their mass & charge

Question 21

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Answer 21

a drug that is used illicitly for its euphoric & hallucinogenic effects

• chemically related to amphetamine & mescaline
• reduces inhibitions
• formerly used in psychotherapy but is now banned in the US

Question 22

mescaline

Answer 22

an alkaloid drug

• obtained from mescal buttons
• hallucinogen

(aka) peyote

Question 23

methadone

Answer 23

a synthetic narcotic drug that is less addictive than morphine or heroine
- used as a substitute for morphine & heroin in addiction treatment programs

Question 24

microcrystalline tests

Answer 24

tests that ID drugs based on the formation of crystals during a chemical reaction

when certain illegal drugs are mixed with testing reagents, they produce colored crystals w/ specific geometry that can then be used to ID the drug

Question 25

morphine

Answer 25

a bitter crystalline alkaloid - extracted from opium - used in medicine as an analgesic, a light analgesic or a sedative

Question 26

narcotic

Answer 26

an addictive drug that reduces pain, alters mood & behavior | - usually induces sleep or stupor (state of near-unconsciousness)

Question 27

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Answer 27

a US government agency that implements the drug testing program that has become a condition of federal government

Question 28

OxyContin

Answer 28

a prescription painkiller that has become a popular & dangerous recreational drug - prescribed for chronic pain - street name: oxy

Question 29

phencyclidine (PCP)

Answer 29

an anesthetic used by veteinarians - an illicit hallucinogen (aka) angel dust

Question 30

physical dependence

Answer 30

the situation in which regular use of drug causes a physiological need for it - when drug is stopped, withdrawal sickness begins

Question 31

psychological dependence

Answer 31

a pattern of compulsive drug use caused by continual craving

Question 32

screening test

Answer 32

a preliminary test performed to detect illicit drugs

Question 33

stimulant

Answer 33

a drug that temporarily increases alertness & quickens some vital processes

Question 34

Under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), drugs that have no recognized medical use are placed in Schedule ________.

Answer 34

I

Question 35

Under the CSA, the least dangerous controlled substances are placed in Schedule ________.

Answer 35

V

Question 36

Under the CSA, a designer drug that is similar to a controlled substance triggers the same penalties as if it were a controlled substance in Schedule ______.

Answer 36

I

Question 37

The most abundant alkaloid drugs that are extracted from the poppy are _____ and _____

Answer 37

morphine & codeine (double check)

Question 38

Drugs that produce dependence act on the ______ _____ ______

Answer 38

central nervous system

Question 39

A drug that numbs the senses and places the user in a stupor is called a ______

Answer 39

narcotic

Question 40

Amines are derived from ______.

Answer 40

ammonia (double check)

Question 41

A secondary amine has _____ hydrogen on the nitrogen.

Answer 41

1

Question 42

Heroin is made by reacting _____ with acetic anhydride.

Answer 42

morphine

Question 43

Drug-sniffing dogs are trained to sniff for _____, which indicates heroin may be present.

Answer 43

vinegar

Question 44

The material most commonly used to dilute heroin is _____.

Answer 44

quinine

Question 45

The synthetic narcotic that is widely used to treat heroin addiction is ______ .

Answer 45

methadone

Question 46

A _____ is a substance that induces changes in mood, thought or perception.

Answer 46

hallucinogen

Question 47

_____ is the most commonly used illicit drug is the US.

Answer 47

marijuana

Question 48

The resin found on the flower clusters of marijuana is used to make _____.

Answer 48

hashish

Question 49

The hallucinogen that is found in the peyote cactus is _____.

Answer 49

mescaline

Question 50

Substances that diminish a person's functional activity are called _____.

Answer 50

depressants

Question 51

The proof of an alcoholic beverage is equal to _____ the percentage of alcohol in the drink.

Answer 51

twice

Question 52

Amphetamines are _______.

Answer 52

stimulants

Question 53

The drug that was introduced as an appetite suppressant for weight loss is _______.

Answer 53

amphetamines

Question 54

The drug that is easily made from pseudoephedrine, which is in Sudafed, is ______.

Answer 54

methamphetamine

Question 55

The naturally occurring alkaloid that is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant is ______.

Answer 55

cocaine

Question 56

If the hydrochloride is removed from cocaine hydrochloride, the free base is produced, which is known on the street as ____.

Answer 56

crack

Question 57

Anabolic steroids are designed to mimic the body-building traits of ____.

Answer 57

testosterone

Question 58

A seized quantity of drugs that is large enough to be weighed is called a ___.

Answer 58

sample bulk

Question 59

The test cited by a forensic chemist in court to confirm the identification of a drug sample is known as the _____ test.

Answer 59

confirmatory

Question 60

In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), compounds are separated by their ______, ______, and ______ in a solvent.

Answer 60

size, shape, and solubility

Question 61

In TLC, the more tightly a compound binds to the stationary silica plate, the more ______ it moves up the thin-layer plate.

Answer 61

slowly

Question 62

Drugs can be identified by taking an IR spectrum that produces a fingerprint spectra that is a ______ test.

Answer 62

confirmatory

Question 63

It is necessary to remove all ______ and _____ from a suspected drug sample before measuring an IR spectrum.

Answer 63

adulterants and diluents

Question 64

The mass spectrum of a suspected drug sample is considered a _______ test.

Answer 64

confirmatory

Question 65

If the NIDA screening test indicates a drug of abuse is present in the individual's urine, a _________ confirmation test is then performed.

Answer 65

GC-MS