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CHE104 > Ch. 11 Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

alcohol

A

the common name for ethyl alcohol

- a central nervous system depressant

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2
Q

alkaloids

A

organic compounds that normally have basic chemical properties

  • usually contain at least 1 nitrogen atom in a ring
  • occurring in many vascular plants & some fungi
  • known for their poisonous or medicinal attributes
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3
Q

types of alkaloids

A

1) nicotine
2) quinine
3) cocaine
4) morphine

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4
Q

amphetamines

A

drugs that have a stimulant affect on the CNS

  • can be physically & psychologically addictive when overused
  • street term: speed
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5
Q

anabolic steroids

A

molecules that promote the storage of protein & the growth of tissue
- sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size & strength

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6
Q

analgesic

A

a medicine used to relieve pain

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7
Q

barbituates

A

a group of barbituric acid derivatives that act as CNS depressants
- used as sedatives

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8
Q

bulk samples

A

samples of drugs that are large enough to be weighed

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9
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the vertebrate nervous system

- consists of: brain + spinal cord

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10
Q

cocaine

A

a white crystaline alkaloid that is extracted from coca leaves
- widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric & stimulating effects

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11
Q

codeine

A

an alkaloid narcotic that is derived from opium

- used as a cough suppressant & analsegic

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12
Q

confirmation test

A

a test that IDs the presence of an illegal drug

- results may be used as confirmatory evidence in court proceedings

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13
Q

depressant

A

a drug that decreases the rate of vital physiological activities

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14
Q

hallucinogen

A

a drug that induces hallucinations or altered sensory experiences

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15
Q

heroin

A

a white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound

  • derived from morphine
  • highly addictive narcotic
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16
Q

immunoassay

A

a test that makes use of the binding between a antigen & its antibody
- identifies & quantifies the specific antigen or antibody in a sample

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17
Q

infrared spectrophotometry

A

a technique that measures the absorption of infrared radiation by a drug sample @ different wavelengths

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18
Q

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

A

a crystalline compound derived from lysergic acid

- used as powerful hallucinogenic drug

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19
Q

marijuana

A

a hallucinogenic drug

  • made from dried flower clusters & leaves of the cannabis plant
  • usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria
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20
Q

mass spectrometry

A

an instrument that identifies chemicals in a substance by their mass & charge

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21
Q

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

A

a drug that is used illicitly for its euphoric & hallucinogenic effects

  • chemically related to amphetamine & mescaline
  • reduces inhibitions
  • formerly used in psychotherapy but is now banned in the US
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22
Q

mescaline

A

an alkaloid drug

  • obtained from mescal buttons
  • hallucinogen

(aka) peyote

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23
Q

methadone

A

a synthetic narcotic drug that is less addictive than morphine or heroine
- used as a substitute for morphine & heroin in addiction treatment programs

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24
Q

microcrystalline tests

A

tests that ID drugs based on the formation of crystals during a chemical reaction

when certain illegal drugs are mixed with testing reagents, they produce colored crystals w/ specific geometry that can then be used to ID the drug

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25
Q

morphine

A

a bitter crystalline alkaloid

  • extracted from opium
  • used in medicine as an analgesic, a light analgesic or a sedative
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26
Q

narcotic

A

an addictive drug that reduces pain, alters mood & behavior

- usually induces sleep or stupor (state of near-unconsciousness)

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27
Q

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

A

a US government agency that implements the drug testing program that has become a condition of federal government

28
Q

OxyContin

A

a prescription painkiller that has become a popular & dangerous recreational drug

  • prescribed for chronic pain
  • street name: oxy
29
Q

phencyclidine (PCP)

A

an anesthetic used by veteinarians
- an illicit hallucinogen

(aka) angel dust

30
Q

physical dependence

A

the situation in which regular use of drug causes a physiological need for it
- when drug is stopped, withdrawal sickness begins

31
Q

psychological dependence

A

a pattern of compulsive drug use caused by continual craving

32
Q

screening test

A

a preliminary test performed to detect illicit drugs

33
Q

stimulant

A

a drug that temporarily increases alertness & quickens some vital processes

34
Q

Under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), drugs that have no recognized medical use are placed in Schedule ________.

A

I

35
Q

Under the CSA, the least dangerous controlled substances are placed in Schedule ________.

A

V

36
Q

Under the CSA, a designer drug that is similar to a controlled substance triggers the same penalties as if it were a controlled substance in Schedule ______.

A

I

37
Q

The most abundant alkaloid drugs that are extracted from the poppy are _____ and _____

A

morphine & codeine (double check)

38
Q

Drugs that produce dependence act on the ______ _____ ______

A

central nervous system

39
Q

A drug that numbs the senses and places the user in a stupor is called a ______

A

narcotic

40
Q

Amines are derived from ______.

A

ammonia (double check)

41
Q

A secondary amine has _____ hydrogen on the nitrogen.

A

1

42
Q

Heroin is made by reacting _____ with acetic anhydride.

A

morphine

43
Q

Drug-sniffing dogs are trained to sniff for _____, which indicates heroin may be present.

A

vinegar

44
Q

The material most commonly used to dilute heroin is _____.

A

quinine

45
Q

The synthetic narcotic that is widely used to treat heroin addiction is ______ .

A

methadone

46
Q

A _____ is a substance that induces changes in mood, thought or perception.

A

hallucinogen

47
Q

_____ is the most commonly used illicit drug is the US.

A

marijuana

48
Q

The resin found on the flower clusters of marijuana is used to make _____.

A

hashish

49
Q

The hallucinogen that is found in the peyote cactus is _____.

A

mescaline

50
Q

Substances that diminish a person’s functional activity are called _____.

A

depressants

51
Q

The proof of an alcoholic beverage is equal to _____ the percentage of alcohol in the drink.

A

twice

52
Q

Amphetamines are _______.

A

stimulants

53
Q

The drug that was introduced as an appetite suppressant for weight loss is _______.

A

amphetamines

54
Q

The drug that is easily made from pseudoephedrine, which is in Sudafed, is ______.

A

methamphetamine

55
Q

The naturally occurring alkaloid that is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant is ______.

A

cocaine

56
Q

If the hydrochloride is removed from cocaine hydrochloride, the free base is produced, which is known on the street as ____.

A

crack

57
Q

Anabolic steroids are designed to mimic the body-building traits of ____.

A

testosterone

58
Q

A seized quantity of drugs that is large enough to be weighed is called a ___.

A

sample bulk

59
Q

The test cited by a forensic chemist in court to confirm the identification of a drug sample is known as the _____ test.

A

confirmatory

60
Q

In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), compounds are separated by their ______, ______, and ______ in a solvent.

A

size, shape, and solubility

61
Q

In TLC, the more tightly a compound binds to the stationary silica plate, the more ______ it moves up the thin-layer plate.

A

slowly

62
Q

Drugs can be identified by taking an IR spectrum that produces a fingerprint spectra that is a ______ test.

A

confirmatory

63
Q

It is necessary to remove all ______ and _____ from a suspected drug sample before measuring an IR spectrum.

A

adulterants and diluents

64
Q

The mass spectrum of a suspected drug sample is considered a _______ test.

A

confirmatory

65
Q

If the NIDA screening test indicates a drug of abuse is present in the individual’s urine, a _________ confirmation test is then performed.

A

GC-MS

CHE104 (15 decks)

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