Ch. 16 Explosives Flashcards
brisant
of or relating to the shattering effect from the sudden release of energy in an explosion
condensed explosive
an explosive made of a solid or a liquid
deflagration
an explosion in which the reaction moves through the explosive at less than the speed of sound
detonation
an explosion in which the reaction moves through the explosive at greater than the speed of sound
detonator
a device that is used to set off a high explosive
dispersed explosive
an explosive made of a gas or an aerosol
explosion
a sudden release of mechanical, chemical or nuclear energy
- generates high temperatures
- usually releases gases
explosvie
a substance, especially a prepared chemical, that explodes or causes an explosion
high explosive
an explosive that when detonated produces a shock wave that travels at a speed greater than 1000 m/s
(ie) military explosives
improvised explosive device (IED)
a homemade bomb
initiator
any device that is used to start a detonation or a deflagration
ion chromatography (IC)
a chromatography method for separating material based on ions
ion mobility spectrometer (IMS)
a device that identifies ions by measuring their speed
isotope
one of two or more atoms with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons
low explosive
an explosive that when detonated produces a shock wave that travels at a speed less than 1000 m/s
(ie) black powder
prilling
a production method that produces free-flowing, adsorbent, porous ammonium nitrate spheres (prills) that are easily handled and stored
taggant
a substance, such as microscopic pieces of multilayered colored plastic, that is added to an explosive to indicate its source of manufacturer
A(n) ____ is a chemical explosion in which the reaction front moves through the explosive at less than the speed of sound.
deflagration
A(n) ____ is a chemical explosion in which the reaction front moves through the explosive at greater than the speed of sound.
detonation
The chemicals in smokeless powder are _____ and _____.
cordite & ballistite
Low explosives will burn, rather than explode, if they are not ______.
confined in some type of container
Condensed explosives are either a(n) _____ or a(n) _____.
solid or liquid
Dispersed explosives are either a(n) ______ or a(n) ______.
gas or aerosol
The most commonly encountered illegal explosive device in the United States is the _____ bomb.
pipe
High explosives are categorized into two groups: _____ explosives and _____ explosives.
primary & secondary
Explosives that are insensitive to shock, heat, and friction are called _____ high explosives.
secondary
Small, porous ammonium nitrate spheres are called _____.
prills
The most commonly used explosive in the world is a mixture of _____ and _____.
94% ammonium nitrate & 6% fuel oil
ANFO
The most widely used military explosive is _____.
cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)
A(n) _____ explosive is one in which a shock wave is formed that shatters the material surrounding it.
brisant
The military explosive C-4 contains _____.
90% RDX
*other parts = plastic binder material and oil
The search of a bomb scene should begin at the site of a(n) _____.
crater
Soil and loose debris are best stored in _____ containers.
metal
*or plastic bags
If a suspect is present at the scene, the investigator should test his or her hands by wiping them with a swab that has been moistened with _____.
acetone
The _____ operates the National Explosives Tracing Center.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
Once in the lab, debris from a bomb scene is first examined using a(n) ______.
microscope
The solvent _____ is used to removed organic material from recovered bomb scene debris.
acetone
Gas chromatographs that are used for explosive analysis use a(n) _____ detector.
thermal energy analyzer (TEA)
The GC detector used by crime labs for explosive detection detects only molecules that contain the element _____.
nitrogen
If a mixture of chemicals is used in an explosive device, the substances must be ______ prior to IR analysis.
separated
If inorganic chemicals were used to construct a bomb, the inorganic residue can be removed from debris by washing it with _____.
water
Materials removed from debris by washing with water can be tested for inorganic residues by means of _____ tests.
spot
A confirmatory test for inorganic residues uses _____ chromatography.
ion
An ion chromatograph detects the inorganic ions with a(n) ____ detector.
anion
Ion chromatography can detect the _____ cation, which is not detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy and is commonly found in bomb debris.
metal
The identifiers that are put into manufactured explosives are called _____.
taggants
The country that requires taggants in all explosives is ____.
Sweden
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called _____.
isotopes
A molecule of TNT that contained a deuterium isotope would have a _____ (higher/lower) mass than regular TNT.
higher
