CH 5 Sound Localization (QUESTIONS) Flashcards
Where are taste buds receptors located?
Trenches of papillae on tongue
__________ types of molecules stimulate receptors for sour, sweet, salty, bitter
Different
Different __________ contain different distributions of __________
Papillae
Receptors
________ vary across the tongue
sensitivities
Unlike the other physical modalities that go to the thalamus, where is smell processed in the brain? What does this suggest
olfactory bulb (forebrain)
Research suggest that it is because it is more of an “ancient function” (over sight and sensation)
How does smell work? (3)
- Nose picks up volatile chemical substances found in the air
- Cilia (hair cells) of olfactory receptors cells embedded in olfactory mucosa pick up chemicals and send signals to the brain
- Activity passed to olfactory bulbs and then to limbic system (no thalamus)
Up to _______ different molecules can stimulate receptors
1000
How are odours processed
Through complex coding
Odours evoke _________ _________ (Why)
Emotional memories
Olfactory lobe is located close to the amygdala and hippocampus
How do we process sensation?
Through many different types of specialized dendrites embedded into the skin
Specialized dendrites are spread _________ across the skin and are most __________ where they are most _________
- Unevenly
- Sensitive
- Concentrate
Describe free nerve endings (2)
- Non-corpuscular: free, not strictly situated
- Associated with pain and temperature
Describe corpuscular nerve endings
- Has bags of fat, bags are pushed into and causes a signal
- Associated with pressure and touch
How is sensitivity to pressure and touch measure?
Measured with a two-point threshold
Temperature sensation is __________ (1,2)
Relative (Proportion of fibres firing determines temperature)
hot ⇨ cold fibres ⇩, warm fibres ⇧
cold ⇨ cold fibres ⇧, warm fibre
_______ _______ is a complex ________ phenomenon which is influence by many ________
Pain perception
Psychological
Factors
What 2 fibres serve as sensory signals for pain?
- A-delta fibers: fast, myelinated; sharp pain
- C fibers: slow, unmyelinated; aching or burning pain
What do C fibres indicate?
There’s a problem in the body that needs to be addressed
Receptors in the _________, _________ and _________ send sensory information to _________, _________ and _________
- bones
- joints
- muscles
- thalamus
- cerebellum
- somatosensory cortex
What mechanism does our vestibular senses consist of?
Consists of 2 vestibular sacs and 3 semicircular canals of the inner ear
What do the vestibular sacs in our ears process?
Codes gravity
What do the semicircular canals in our ears process?
Orientated to x,y,z coordinates (back, front, left, right) — fluid moves around during movements which helps localize movements
What happens to the fluid in our semicircular canals as we age?
Fluids thicken as you age, making it more difficult to perceive your movements
