Ch. 5 Integumentary System Intro Vocab Flashcards
Integument
- Accounts for 16% of total body weight
- ~2m^2 area
What are the two main components of integumentary system?
- Cutaneous Membrane (skin)
- Epidermis (superficial epithelium)
- Dermis (underlying connective tissues)
- Accessory Structures
- hair, nails, multicellular exocrine glands.
- Located primarily in dermis; protude through epidermis to skin surface
Hypodermis
Superficial fascia, subcutaneous layer
- NOT PART OF THE INTEGUMENT
- Separates from integument from the deep fascia around other organs
- Connective tissue fibers interwoven with the dermis - no distinct border
- Composed of areolar and adipose tissue
- Blood reservoir: Only superficial region contains arteries and veins. Substantial amount of blood from venous circulation, shifts into general circulation if veins constrict
What are the general functions of skin and hypodermis?
-
Protection
* Impact, abrasion, fluid loss, chemical attack
* Melanin - UV protection
* Keratin - water repellant, abrasion - Excretion
- Maintenance of body temperature
- Vitamin D3 synthesis
- Lipid storage
-
Detection (‘general senses’)
touch, pressure, pain, temperature
subcutaneous injection
The deeper hypodermis has limited capillaries and no vital organs, making it a useful area to adminster drugs.
liposuction
removes subcutaneous adipose tissue. If diet is not changed, areolar tissue will convert to adipose tissue.
scab
blood clot; forms at the surface to temporarily restore integrity of epidermis and protect the area
What are the steps of integument repair?
- Inflammatory phase
- Migratory phase
- Proliferation phase
- Maturation phase
First degree burn
- Partial thickness burn
- Epidermal damage only
- localized redness, edema, pain
Second degree burn
- Partial-thickness burn
- Epidermal and upper dermal damage
- Blisters appear
Third Degree Burn
- Entire thickness damaged
- Gray-white, cherry read, or black
- Nerves destroyed. No initial edema or pain
- Skin grafting necessary
Severity of Burns
- Critical if >25% of 2nd degree
- >10% 3rd degree
- Face, hands or feet => 3rd
Effects of aging (10)
- Epidermal thinning
- Decreased #s of dendritic cells
- Decreased vitamin D3 production
- Decreased melanocyte activity
- Decreased glandular acivity
- Reduced blood supply
- Decreased function of hair follicles
- Reduction of elastic fibers
- Decreased hormone level
- Slower repair rate
Granulation tissue
The combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network that cover damaged skin.
Scar Tissue
Produced by fibroblasts
Granulation tissue is replaced by skin with an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and few blood vessels. Scar tissue is :
inflexible
fibrous
non-cellular
Repair to Integument
-
Inflammatory phase
*Bleeding and inflammation triggered by mast cells -
Migratory phase
*Stratum basale cells migrate along edge of wound
* Phagocytic cells remove debris -
Proliferation phase
* Epidermal cells migrate over meshwork produced by fibroblast activity
* Fibrin clot is breaking up -
Maturation phase
* Fibroblasts in dermis continue to produce scar tissue
carbuncle
Medical term for multiple boils. A skin infection that often involves a group of hair follicles; deep in skin
comedo
medical term for blackhead
furuncle
Medical term for boil. Skin infection involving the entire hair follicle and nearbly skin.
gangrene
dead or dying body tissue because local blood supply is lost or inadequate
impetigo
infection of the surface of the skin caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus
nevus
a benign pigment on skin, such as a mole
onycholysis
nail disorder characterized by a spontaneous separation of the nail plate, starting at the distal free margin progressing proximally
porphyria
a rare hereditary disease in which the blood pigment hemoglobin is abnormally metabolized. Porphyrins are excreted in the urine, making it dark. Also mental disturbances and extreme skin sensitivity to light
