Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy&Physiology > Ch. 4-4 Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 4-4 Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What three components does all connective tissue share?

A
  1. Specialized cells
  2. extracellular protein fibers
  3. Ground substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ground substance?

A

A fluid that fills the space between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers.

In CTP, it is clear, colorless, and viscous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Classification of Connective Tissues (3)

A
  1. Connective tissue proper 2. Fluid connective tissue 3. Supporting connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Broad category: divided into ‘loose’ and ‘dense’ connective tissue based on # of cell types present, proportion of fibers and ground substance Ex: Loose connective: adipose Dense connective: tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Fluid Connective Tissue

A

Distinctive populations of cells suspended in a watery matrix that contains dissolved proteins

Two types: Blood and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Supporting connective tissue

A

Less diverse cell population and a matrix of more densely packed fibers. Types: cartilage and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Fibroblasts

A
  1. Secrete hyaluronan & proteins 2. Secrete protein subunits that assemble to form large extracellular fibers 3. Contribute to ground substance to make it viscous 4. One of two most abundant cells in connective tissue proper; only cells always present.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Three components of connective tissue

A
  1. Specialized cells 2. Extra cellular protein fibers 3. Ground substance 2+3 = matrix surrounding cells; accounts for most of the volume of connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Fibrocytes

A

Second most abundant fixed cell in CT Proper. Differentiate from fibroblasts. Maintain the connective tissue fibers of CTP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

Stem cells that respond to local injury or infection by dividing into daughter cells that differentiate as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Mast cells

A

Cytoplasm filled with histamine and heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Microphages

A

Neutrophils and eosinophils. Phagocytic blood cells, present in CTP in small numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Melanocytes

A

Synthesize and store melanin. Present in connective tissue of eye & dermis of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Connective tissue fibers (3)

A
  1. Collagen fibers 2. Reticular fibers 3. Elastic fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Long, straight, and unbranched. Most common fiber in CTP. Flexible, but stronger than steel when pulled from either end. Ex: Tendons (skeletal muscle to bone) Ligaments (connect bone to bone)

51
Q

Reticular fibers

A

‘reticulum’ = network 1. Form a branching, interwoven network (STROMA) that is tough and flexible. 2. Composed of same protein subunits as collagen fibers, but arranged differently. Thinner than collagen fibers. 3. The stroma stabilizes A.) the relative positions of parenchyma cells in organs and B.) positions of organ blood vessels, nerves, etc.

52
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Contains the protein elastin. Branched and wavy; return to original length after stretching. Elastic ligaments: rare, dominates by elastic fibers. Ex: interconnecting vertebrae.

53
Q

Ground Substance

A

Fills space between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers. Viscous due to proteogylcans and glycoproteins

54
Q

Embryonic Connective Tissue (Mesenchyme)

A
  1. Mesenchymal cells 2. Mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s Jelly)
55
Q

Loose Connective Tissues

A
  1. Areolar 2. Adipose 3. Reticular 4. Mesenchyme (embryos)
56
Q

Areolar tissue

A

A loose connective tissue. Least specialized connective tissue in adults. Open framework with loose structure. Absorbs shocks, distort without damage. Elastic fibers makes it resilient. Separate skin from deeper structures; has extensive blood supply that diffuses oxygen, etc. to epithelial layer. Proportion of adipocytes distinguishes from adipose tissue.

57
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Composed of reticular fibers to form a stroma complex. Fibrous framework in organs, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

58
Q

Dense Connective Tissue (collagenous tissues)

A

A type of connective tissue proper distinguished by cell types present and relative proportion/properties of fibers.

Most of the volume is fibrous; collagen fibers are dominant.

59
Q

What are the two types of dense connective tissue?

A
  1. Dense regular connective tissue
  2. Dense irregular connective tissue
60
Q

Characteristics and examples of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Fibers form an interwoven network with no consistent pattern. Strengthen and support areas that resist stress from many directions,

Ex:

  1. Layer in skin to provide strength (leather)
  2. sheaths around bone, i.e perichondrium, periosteum.
  3. ‘Capsule’ around internal organs
  4. Encloses cavities of joints
61
Q

Characteristics and examples of dense regular connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers are parallel and packed tightly to align with forces applied to the tissue.

Ex: Ligaments, Tendons

62
Q

Tendons

A

Cords of dense regular connective tissue that attach skeletal muscle to bone. Collagen fibers run along longitudinal axis to transfer pull of contracting muscle to bone

63
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone and stabilze the positions of internal organs.

64
Q

aponeurosis

A

a tendonous sheet that attaches a broad flat muscle to another muscle or to several bones of the skeleton. Can also stabilize positions of tendons and ligaments.

Associated with large msucles of the skull, lower back, and abdomen; with palmar and tendons/ligaments

65
Q

perichondrium

A

dense irregular connective tissue; forms a sheath around cartilage

66
Q

periosteum

A

dense irregular connective tissue; froms a sheath around bone

67
Q

capsule

A

dense irregular connective tissue; a thick fibrous layer that surrounds internal organs like hte liver, kidneys, spleen, and encloses the cavities of joints

68
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

When elastic FIBERS outnumber collagen FIBERS, tissue has spring, resilient nature that allows it to tolerate cycles of extension and recoil. Elastic FIBERS are present in connective tissue that supports transitional epithelia, large blood vessels (aorta), and respiratory passageways.

69
Q

Elastic TISSUE

A

dense regular connective TISSUE dominated by elastic FIBERS. Elastic ligaments help stabilize vertebrae.

70
Q

Formed elements

A

Components of plasma, the watery matrix in blood. More specifically, blood cells and fragments of cells.

Three types:

  1. Red Blood Cells
  2. White Blood Cells
  3. Platelets
71
Q

What are the major subdivisions of extracellular fluid?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Interstitial fluid
  3. Lymph
72
Q

Lymph

A

Forms as interstital fluid enters lymphatic vessels. Composition similar to blood, but contains more lymphocytes

73
Q

Recirculation of body fluid

A

From cardovascular system, throguh interstitial fluid, to the lymph, back to cardivascular system

Anatomy&Physiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions