Ch. 5 - Infection Control: Principles & Practices Flashcards
Cocci are bacteria that are ______________.
round-shaped and appear singly (alone) or in groups
Which type of bacteria can cause strep throat or blood poisoning?
Streptococci
Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are ______________.
diplococci
Lyme disease and syphilis are cause by spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria called ______________.
spirilla
A chemical process that destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces is ______________.
disinfecting
Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called ______________.
protoplasm
The process whereby bacteria grow to their largest size, and then divide into two new cells is ______________.
binary fission
The presence of pus can be a sign of ______________.
a bacterial infection
A ______________ infection appears as a lesion containing pus and is confined to a particular part of the body.
local
What condition is caused by an infestation of head lice?
Pediculosis capitis
The ability of the body to destroy, resist, and recognize infection is called ______________.
immunity
Disinfectants sold and used in the United States must carry ______________ registration number.
an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Which agency publishes the guidelines known as Standard Precautions?
CDC
In 2012, OSHA agreed to comply with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System (GHS), which requires the use of a standard format called ______________ (SDS) to replace the MSDS.
Safety Data Sheet
A type of disinfectant with a very high pH that can damage the skin or eyes is called ______________.
phenolic disinfectants
When washing your hands, after you have used warm water, applied soap, and then rubbed your hands together until a lather forms, use a disinfected nail brush to brush your nails horizontally back and forth under the free edges and then up and down along the nail folds of the fingernails. The process for brushing both hands should take about ______________.
60 seconds
Antiseptics are intended for ______________.
reducing microbes on the skin
The SDS contains ______________ categories of information.
16
Standard Precautions require employers and employees to assume that all human blood and body fluids are potentially ______________.
infectious
When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, you must circulate the disinfectant for ______________ or the length of time indicated on the product label.
10 minutes
After cleaning and disinfecting a pipeless foot spa after each client, how should you dry it?
With a clean paper towel
Which form of hepatitis is the most difficult to kill on a surface?
Hepatitis B
Accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP) is a recently approved form of disinfectant that only needs to be changed every ______________.
14 days
It is important to wear gloves and ______________ while disinfecting nonelectrical tools and implements.
safety glasses
Licensing, enforcement, and your conduct when you are working in the salon are regulated by ______________.
state
Some ______________ disinfectants are harmful to salon tools and equipment.
tuberculocidal
As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as ______________.
required treatment
Cutting living skin is allowed only by ______________.
qualified medical professionals
Fungal infections are much more common on the ______________ than on the hands.
feet
Items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid are called ______________.
multi-use
The process that destroys all microbial life is ______________.
sterilization
If the label on a disinfection product includes the word concentrate, it means that the product must be ______________.
diluted before use
Quat solutions are ______________ disinfectants when used properly in the salon.
very effective
Using ______________ bleach can damage metal and plastic.
too much
5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite is also known as ______________.
household bleach
Never let disinfectants such as phenols come in contact with your ______________.
skin
Items that are ______________ are also considered absorbant.
porous
It is recommended that salons identify each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned, disinfected, tested, and maintained ______________.
in a logbook
There is no additive, powder, or tablet that eliminates the need for you to ______________ equipment.
clean and disinfect
Not having ______________ available poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous materials and violates federal and state regulations.
SDSs
Antimicrobial and antibacterial soaps are ______________ regular soaps or detergents.
no more effective than
______________ include guidelines for the use of gloves, masks, and eyewear when contact with blood or body secretions containing blood or blood elements is a possibility.
Standard Precautions
After they have been properly cleaned and disinfected, implements should be stored in a ______________ container.
clean, covered
After each client, you should properly clean the basic foot basin or tub, and then add the appropriate amount of disinfectant and let it soak for ______________ or the time recommended by the manufacturer.
10 minutes
Before beginning any service, you should wash your hands using pump soap, warm water, and a ______________.
clean, disinfeced nail brush
A disease that is spread from one person to another is called a(n) ______________.
contagious disease
The one-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are called ______________.
bacteria
The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking is known as ______________ transmission.
direct
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface is known as ______________.
indirect transmission
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called ______________.
toxins
A disease that is spread from one person to another person is ______________.
a communicable disease
A disease caused by pathogenic organisms that enter the body, and which may or may not be spread from one person to another person, is ______________.
an infectious disease
As part of the SDS 16 categories, toxicology information includes routes of exposure, related symptoms, and ______________.
acute and chronic effects
Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size is a ______________.
microorganism
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface, and the removal of visible debris or residue is called ______________.
decontamination
______________ disease affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning internal glands or organs.
A systemic
The determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests is ______________.
a diagnosis
______________ is a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection.
An inflammation
A parasitic disease may be caused by ______________.
lice
A ______________ is a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms and is capable of replication only by taking over the host cell’s reproductive function.
virus
The virus that causes AIDS is ______________.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that are the result of the performance of an employee’s duties is ______________.
an exposure incident
The scientific name for barbers itch is ______________.
folliculitis barbae or pseudofolliculitis barbae
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism are ______________.
parasites
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residues is called a(n) ______________.
contamination
The term ______________ describes a ringworm fungus of the foot.
tinea pedis
A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n) ______________.
allergy
______________ is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
A pathogenic disease
Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment are ______________.
occupational diseases
As part of the SDS 16 categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including ______________.
incompatibilities
The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms is called ______________.
infection control
Different bacteria move in different ways, and self-movement is known as ______________.
motility
______________ is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, which makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.
A disease
Within the field of cosmetology, the ability to produce an effect is known as ______________.
efficacy
Add ______________ when diluting to prevent foaming, which can result in an incorrect mixing ratio.
disinfectant to water
Which statement best describes UV sanitizers?
They do not disinfect nor do they sterilize.
What is the definition of clean?
A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs.
What is sanitization?
A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
What is disinfection?
A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms on environmental surfaces.
What is OSHA?
Regulates and enforces safety and health and safety standards to protect employees in the workplace. (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
The HCS in 1983 gave workers the “right to know”, but the new GHS gives workers the _________?
“right to understand”
What is included in the “identification” category of the SDS?
product identifier; manufacturer or distributor with contact information (including emergency number); recommended use of product and restrictions on use
What is the EPA?
Environmental Protection Agency. It registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the US.
What is a disinfectant?
A chemical product that destroys most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
What are laws?
Written by both federal and state legislatures that determine the scope of practice and that establish the guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules. Also called statutes.
What are rules and regulations?
Rules are written by the regulatory agency or the state board and they determine how the law must be applied. They are more specific than laws.
What is an infection?
The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
What are nonpathogenic organisms?
Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions. Most bacteria are non-pathogenic.
What are pathogenic bacteria?
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.
What are staphylococci?
Pus forming bacteria that grow in clusters like grapes. Cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
What are bacilli?
Short, rod-shaped bacteria. Most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
What are bloodborne pathogens?
Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Cutting living skin is considered outside of the scope of _________
cosmetologist’s licensed and approved practices. Only qualified medical professionals may cut living skin.
What are fungi?
Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that included molds, mildews, and yeasts. That can cause contagious diseases such as ringworm .
What is tinea barbae?
A superficial fungal infection caused by a variety of dermatophytes that commonly affects the skin near beard areas or around scalp. Characterized by deep, inflamed or non-inflamed patches of skin on the face or the nape of the neck.
What is tinea capitis?
A fungal infection of the scalp characteried by red papules, or spots, at the opening of hair follicles.
What is scabies?
A contagious disease caused by the itch mite which burrows under the skin.
What are three ways to clean your tools and implements?
Washing with soap and warm water and then scrubbing them with a clean and properly disinfected nail brush; using an ultrasonic unit; using a cleaning solvent (e.g., on metal bits for electric files)
What must disinfectants have?
Efficacy claims on the label. Efficacy is the ability to produce an effect. As applied to disinfectant claims, efficacy means the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills microorganisms when used according to the label instructions.
What are some examples of multiuse items?
Nippers, shears, combs, metal pushers, rollers, and permanent hair rods
What are some examples of single-use items?
wooden sticks, cotton balls, sponges, gauze, tissues, paper towels, nail files, buffers.
What are single-use items?
AKA disposable items, cannot be used more than once. They are porous (items made or constructed of material that has pores or openings and cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed, or are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting.
What are chelating soaps?
Aka chelating detergents, work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
What are standard precautions?
Guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that require the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious.
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment. Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard.
When does cross contamination occur?
It occurs when microorganisms are transferred from one food or surface to another
How to recognize when cross-contamination occurs?
Occurs when you touch an object such as skin, without cleaning your hands and then touch an object or product with the same hand or utensil
How do you prevent cross-contamination?
Cleaning hands with soap and water and cleaning/sanitizing surfaces and equipment after use
What makes an item multi-use?
It is non-porous
What is the blood exposure procedure if a stylists cuts themselves?
- Stop the service.
- Explain the situation to the client and excuse him or herself.
- If appropriate, rinse the injured area under running water.
- Pat injured area dry using a new, clean paper towel.
- Apply antiseptic and adhesive bandage.
- Place all single use items in a trash container.
- Put on gloves.
- Remove implements from the workstation, then clean and disinfect the
implements. - Clean and disinfect station.
- Replace gloves.
- Return to service.
What is the blood exposure procedure if a client gets cut?
- Stop the service.
- Put gloves on hands.
- If appropriate, assist the client to sink and rinse the injured area
under running water. - Pat injured area dry using a new, clean paper towel.
- Offer antiseptic and adhesive bandage.
- Place all single-use items in the trash container.
- Remove all implements from the workstation, then clean and disinfect the
implements. - Clean and disinfect work station.
- Remove gloves from hands and dispose.
- Wash hands.
- Return to service.
