Ch. 12 - Basics of Chemistry

Question 1

Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?

Answer 1

Hydrogen

Question 2

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is ______________.

Answer 2

an element

Question 3

Chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportion forms ______________.

Answer 3

a molecule

Question 4

A(n) ______________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

Answer 4

solution

Question 5

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered ______________.

Answer 5

immiscible

Question 6

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are ______________.

Answer 6

suspensions

Question 7

A(n) ______________ is a substance dissolved in a solution.

Answer 7

Solute

Question 8

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is ______________.

Answer 8

an emulsion

Question 9

A substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ______________.

Answer 9

a surfactant

Question 10

The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or ______________.

Answer 10

lipophilic

Question 11

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an ______________.

Answer 11

ion

Question 12

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are derived from ______________ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products.

Answer 12

plants

Question 13

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are ______________.

Answer 13

exothermic

Question 14

A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be ______________.

Answer 14

acidic

Question 15

Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they ______________.

Answer 15

produce less odor

Question 16

What is not composed of organic chemicals?

Answer 16

Minerals

Question 17

Elemental molecules contain two or more ______________ of the same element in definite proportions.

Answer 17

atoms

Question 18

Vapor is ______________ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.

Answer 18

a liquid

Question 19

An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ______________.

Answer 19

oxygen

Question 20

A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in ______________ proportions.

Answer 20

fixed

Question 21

The glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of ______________.

Answer 21

a suspension

Question 22

Water-in-oil emulsions feel ______________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

Answer 22

Greasier

Question 23

The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is ______________.

Answer 23

ammonia

Question 24

Volatile organic compounds contain ______________ and evaporate very easily.

Answer 24

carbon

Question 25

The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is ______________.

Answer 25

oxidation

Question 26

The term logarithm means multiples of ______________.

Answer 26

10

Question 27

A chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is ______________.

Answer 27

redox

Question 28

Any substance that occupies space and has mass is ______________.

Answer 28

matter

Question 29

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are ______________.

Answer 29

chemical properties

Question 30

A chemical combination of matter in any proportion is a ______________.

Answer 30

physical mixture

Question 31

The ______________ is the smallest chemical component of an element.

Answer 31

atom

Question 32

A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a(n) ______________.

Answer 32

pure substance

Question 33

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is ______________.

Answer 33

combustion

Question 34

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are ______________.

Answer 34

physical properties

Question 35

What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes?

Answer 35

Filtration