Ch. 1 - History & Career Opportunities Flashcards
African Civilization had a variety of hairstyles that were used as a symbol of tribal tradition and conveyed a message of age marital status, rank, and ______________.
Power
Which civilization first used essential oils from the leaves, bark, and blossoms of plants for used as perfumes and for purification purposes?
Egyptians
Which ancient civilization was the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion?
Egyptians
To achieve a look at greater intelligence during the renaissance, what did women do?
Shave their eyebrows and hairline
During the middle ages, women wore colored makeup on their ______________.
Lips
In ancient Rome, haircolor was used by women to indicate ______________.
Class in society
The ancient Greeks made lavish perfumes and cosmetics for grooming, medicinal purpose, and ______________.
Religious rites
When did women commonly use henna to stain their hair and nails a rich, warm red?
Egyptian era
If you were a middle class woman in ancient Rome, what color would you dye your hair to indicate your class?
Blonde
What did Victorian women do to induce their natural color?
Pinch their cheeks
The onset of ______________ led to a new prosperity in the United States, during which all forms of beauty began to follow the trends set by celebrities and society figures
Industrialization
Who developed makeup that was popular with movie stars because it would not cake or crack, even under hot studio lights?
Max Factor
Gloria Swanson and ______________ helped glamorize the hip new nail lacquer trend in the 1930s by wearing matching polish on their fingers and toes
Jean Harlow
By 1925, the Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of American (AMBBA) established the National Education Council with the goal of standardizing requirements for barber schools and barber instructor training, establishing curriculum, and setting forth ______________.
State licensing laws
The world’s first ammonia-free hair color was invented by ______________ in 1985 .
Farouk Shami
What holds the key to individual development and personal motivation, gives you knowledge and advance, and provides you the best opportunity to advance your career and achieve real success?
Continuing education
Who provides a connection between salons and their staff and the rest of the beauty industry by providing information about new products, new trends, and new techniques?
A distributor sales consultant
In order to get experience providing hairstyling services on film and tv sets, one should be prepared to ______________.
Offer to volunteer
To be a successful salon manager, you must have an aptitude for math and accounting and understand ______________.
Marketing
Who invented the curling iron?
Marcel Grateau
Most manufacturers consider the creative director to be ______________ and the driving force behind brand success.
An executive level position
In 1932, Lawrence Gelb, a New York chemist, introduced the first permanent hair color product and founded a company called ______________.
Clairol
The individual credited with coining the term day spa is ______________.
Noel DeCaprio
The beauty icon who turned the hairstyling world on its ear with revolutionary geometric cuts was ______________.
Vidal Sassoon
The second half of the twentieth century saw the introduction of tube mascara, improved hair care and nail products, and the boom and ______________ of the weekly salon appointment.
Death
Studying the history of cosmetology can _______.
help you predict or understand current trends
What greek word is the term cosmetology derived from?
Kosmetikos
What does the greek term kosmetikos mean?
Skilled in the use of cosmetics
What natural products did ancient people use for coloring matter and tattooing?
mineral, insects, and berries
What did many African tribes color their hair with?
Red earth
Which ancient queen used custom-blended essential oils as signature scents?
Queen Nefertiti
Which Egyptian queen had a personal cosmetics factory?
Cleopatra
In both ancient Egypt and Rome, military commanders stained their _______ and _________ in matching colors before important battles.
nails and lips
What did Chinese aristocrats rub their nails to color them crimson or ebony?
Gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites
During the Chou dynasty, what might have happened to commoners caught wearing a royal nail color?
Death
Throughout the Chou Dynasty, what were the royal colors?
Gold and silver
In 500 BC, during the golden age of _____, hairstyling became a highly developed art.
Greece
Greek women applied preparations of ________ onto their faces, ________ around their eyes, and _________ on their cheeks and lips.
white lead, kohl, and vermillion
How did the Greeks create the brilliant red pigment named vermillion?
Grinding cinnabar
What color did Roman noblewomen dye their hair?
Red
What color did poor women in Roman dye their hair?
Black
Facials made of milk and bread, fine wine, corn with flour and milk, or flour and fresh butter, were popular with the _____.
Romans
What technique was refined by a physician during the middle ages?
Steam distillation
Beauty culture in the Middle Ages is evidenced by sculptures, _____, and other artifacts from this period.
tapestries
Which wrapping method was most appropriate for use on long hair during the waving process?
spiral wrapping
Charles Revson borrowed formulas from what industry to develop his nail polish?
Automobile
Today’s alkaline perms are modern versions of what method of permanent waving developed in 1941?
Coldwaves
During the 1970s there was a new era in highlighting when French hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving using _______.
aluminum foil
The croquignole wrapping technique was introduced after_______
WWI
_____, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry.
Sarah Breedlove AKA Madame C.J. Walker
