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Hair Design State Board Written Test > Ch. 20 - Chemical Texture Services > Flashcards

Ch. 20 - Chemical Texture Services Flashcards

1
Q

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair or changes tightly curly or coiled hair into loose curls or waves is ______________.

A

curl re-forming

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2
Q

The layer of the hair that provides the strength and elasticity of human hair is the ______________.

A

cortex

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3
Q

The natural pH of hair is between ______________.

A

4.5 and 5.5

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4
Q

In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the ______________.

A

size of the rod

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5
Q

The technique of wrapping hair at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section is ______________.

A

half off-base placement

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6
Q

The two basic types of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are the spiral and ______________.

A

croquignole perm technique

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7
Q

A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or the removal of ______________.

A

oxygen

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8
Q

Most cold waves have a pH between ______________.

A

9.0 and 9.6

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9
Q

The three separate components of acid waves are permanent waving solution, activator, and ______________.

A

neutralizer

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10
Q

An endothermic wave is activated by ______________.

A

an outside heat source

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11
Q

Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for at least ______________.

A

5 minutes

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12
Q

The process of rearranging the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is ______________.

A

chemical hair relaxing

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13
Q

Thio relaxers usually have a pH above ______________.

A

10

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14
Q

Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a(n) ______________.

A

acid-balanced shampoo

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15
Q

Which type of relaxer contains only one component and is used exactly as it is package with no mixing necessary?

A

Metal hydroxide relaxers

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16
Q

Lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as ______________.

A

no mix - no lye relaxers

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17
Q

Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges?

A

Salt bonds

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18
Q

Which type of rod is also known as a circle rod, are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop?

A

Loop rods

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19
Q

For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at ______________ beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.

A

45 degrees

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20
Q

Which of the permanent waves process at room temperature?

A

Acid-balanced waves

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21
Q

Chemical solutions ______________ the pH of the hair to an alkaline state.

A

raise

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22
Q

When should you perform an elasticity test?

A

Before perming the hair

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23
Q

Porous hair ______________.

A

could be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution

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24
Q

GMTG, the primary reducing agent in most acid waves, has ______________.

A

a low pH

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25
Q

True acid waves have a pH between ______________.

A

4.5 and 7.0

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26
Q

Ammonia-free waves ______________.

A

have very little odor

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27
Q

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within the first ______________.

A

5 to 10 minutes

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28
Q

One safety precaution of permanent waving is to ______________.

A

examine the scalp before the perm service

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29
Q

With extremely curly hair, the twists are the ______________.

A

thinnest and weakest

30
Q

Relaxers are ______________ and can literally melt or dissolve hair if used incorrectly.

A

extremely alkaline

31
Q

If the client’s hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer, it means the hair ______________.

A

will not hold a curl when applying a thio relaxer or thio permanent

32
Q

A ______________ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.

A

double flat wrap

33
Q

Which types of rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?

A

Soft bender rods

34
Q

Thioglycolic acid ______________.

A

is a common reducing agent

35
Q

The ______________ is the innermost layer of the hair.

A

medulla

36
Q

The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap?

A

Curvature permanent wrap

37
Q

The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called ______________.

A

peptide bonds

38
Q

A ______________ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod.

A

spiral perm wrap

39
Q

Which of the following is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing?

A

Japanese thermal straightening

40
Q

Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer?

A

Base relaxer

41
Q

The middle layer of the hair is the ______________.

A

cortex

42
Q

Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally?

A

Base direction

43
Q

A ______________ is a type of wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.

A

bookend wrap

44
Q

A ______________ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases.

A

basic permanent wrap

45
Q

Which relaxer is usually classified as a lye-based relaxer?

A

Sodium hydroxide relaxers

46
Q

Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?

A

Straight rods

47
Q

Which of these terms refers to the thickness or thinness of a liquid?

A

Viscosity

48
Q

The ______________ is the tough exterior layer of the hair.

A

cuticle

49
Q

Which of these terms refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section?

A

Base placement

50
Q

A ______________ is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction.

A

piggyback wrap

51
Q

Which of these stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form?

A

Thio neutralization

52
Q

Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as ______________.

A

polypeptide chains

53
Q

The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called ______________.

A

lathionization

54
Q

Hydrogen bonds can be broken by ______________.

A

either water or heat

55
Q

The reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions is commonly referred to as ______________.

A

thio

56
Q

Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in the solutions ______________.

A

does not swell the hair or penetrate into the cortex

57
Q

A pH of 7.0 is ______________ than the pH of hair.

A

100 times more alkaline

58
Q

Most of the acid waves found in today’s salons have a pH between ______________.

A

7.8 and 8.2

59
Q

Which of the following is not considered a main component of an exothermic wave?

A

Concentrator

60
Q

An endothermic chemical reaction is one that absorbs ______________ from its surrounds.

A

heat

61
Q

Which type of perm is recommended for extremely porous hair?

A

True acid wave

62
Q

What is the most common neutralizer?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

63
Q

When rinsing the hair after the recommended processing time has elapsed, it is recommended that you ______________.

A

smell the hair to determine if it still smells like perming solution

64
Q

Japanese thermal straightening ______________.

A

is sometimes called thermal reconditioning

65
Q

Mild-strength relaxers are formulated for ______________.

A

fine, color-treated, or damaged hair

66
Q

What is the most common type of perm rod?

A

concave rods

67
Q

______ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.

A

half off-base placement

68
Q

Cold waving, or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent waving that did not use heat. What is the modern-day term for this waving lotion?

A

alkaline perms

69
Q

What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility?

A

Full-stem curl

70
Q

What type of curl is placed directly on the base or curl and produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility?

A

No-stem curl

71
Q

A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a _________

A

soft curl permanent

Hair Design State Board Written Test (19 decks)

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