Ch. 20 - Chemical Texture Services Flashcards
The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair or changes tightly curly or coiled hair into loose curls or waves is ______________.
curl re-forming
The layer of the hair that provides the strength and elasticity of human hair is the ______________.
cortex
The natural pH of hair is between ______________.
4.5 and 5.5
In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the ______________.
size of the rod
The technique of wrapping hair at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section is ______________.
half off-base placement
The two basic types of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are the spiral and ______________.
croquignole perm technique
A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or the removal of ______________.
oxygen
Most cold waves have a pH between ______________.
9.0 and 9.6
The three separate components of acid waves are permanent waving solution, activator, and ______________.
neutralizer
An endothermic wave is activated by ______________.
an outside heat source
Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for at least ______________.
5 minutes
The process of rearranging the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is ______________.
chemical hair relaxing
Thio relaxers usually have a pH above ______________.
10
Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a(n) ______________.
acid-balanced shampoo
Which type of relaxer contains only one component and is used exactly as it is package with no mixing necessary?
Metal hydroxide relaxers
Lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as ______________.
no mix - no lye relaxers
Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges?
Salt bonds
Which type of rod is also known as a circle rod, are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop?
Loop rods
For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at ______________ beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.
45 degrees
Which of the permanent waves process at room temperature?
Acid-balanced waves
Chemical solutions ______________ the pH of the hair to an alkaline state.
raise
When should you perform an elasticity test?
Before perming the hair
Porous hair ______________.
could be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution
GMTG, the primary reducing agent in most acid waves, has ______________.
a low pH
True acid waves have a pH between ______________.
4.5 and 7.0
Ammonia-free waves ______________.
have very little odor
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within the first ______________.
5 to 10 minutes
One safety precaution of permanent waving is to ______________.
examine the scalp before the perm service
With extremely curly hair, the twists are the ______________.
thinnest and weakest
Relaxers are ______________ and can literally melt or dissolve hair if used incorrectly.
extremely alkaline
If the client’s hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer, it means the hair ______________.
will not hold a curl when applying a thio relaxer or thio permanent
A ______________ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.
double flat wrap
Which types of rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
Soft bender rods
Thioglycolic acid ______________.
is a common reducing agent
The ______________ is the innermost layer of the hair.
medulla
The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap?
Curvature permanent wrap
The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called ______________.
peptide bonds
A ______________ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod.
spiral perm wrap
Which of the following is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing?
Japanese thermal straightening
Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer?
Base relaxer
The middle layer of the hair is the ______________.
cortex
Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally?
Base direction
A ______________ is a type of wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
bookend wrap
A ______________ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases.
basic permanent wrap
Which relaxer is usually classified as a lye-based relaxer?
Sodium hydroxide relaxers
Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
Straight rods
Which of these terms refers to the thickness or thinness of a liquid?
Viscosity
The ______________ is the tough exterior layer of the hair.
cuticle
Which of these terms refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section?
Base placement
A ______________ is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction.
piggyback wrap
Which of these stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form?
Thio neutralization
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as ______________.
polypeptide chains
The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called ______________.
lathionization
Hydrogen bonds can be broken by ______________.
either water or heat
The reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions is commonly referred to as ______________.
thio
Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in the solutions ______________.
does not swell the hair or penetrate into the cortex
A pH of 7.0 is ______________ than the pH of hair.
100 times more alkaline
Most of the acid waves found in today’s salons have a pH between ______________.
7.8 and 8.2
Which of the following is not considered a main component of an exothermic wave?
Concentrator
An endothermic chemical reaction is one that absorbs ______________ from its surrounds.
heat
Which type of perm is recommended for extremely porous hair?
True acid wave
What is the most common neutralizer?
Hydrogen peroxide
When rinsing the hair after the recommended processing time has elapsed, it is recommended that you ______________.
smell the hair to determine if it still smells like perming solution
Japanese thermal straightening ______________.
is sometimes called thermal reconditioning
Mild-strength relaxers are formulated for ______________.
fine, color-treated, or damaged hair
What is the most common type of perm rod?
concave rods
______ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
half off-base placement
Cold waving, or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent waving that did not use heat. What is the modern-day term for this waving lotion?
alkaline perms
What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility?
Full-stem curl
What type of curl is placed directly on the base or curl and produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility?
No-stem curl
A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a _________
soft curl permanent
