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WSET 3 Spring 19 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the nutrients in soil for vines

A

Nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium

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2
Q

describe the amount of nutrients that vines require? what is called when vines do not have enough

A

don’t need much for vines to thrive

cholorosis is the lack of nutrients which turns leaves yellow; solved by fertilisers

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3
Q

what is the ideal amount of water vine need?

A

ideal needed good supply early in the season to support shoot and leaf growth
-followed by mild stress after verasion

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4
Q

define humus

A

made up of decomposing plant and animal material

  • rich in plan nutrients
  • excellent water retaining properties
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5
Q

soil comes from where? describe the different size soils?

stones, sand, clay

A

____ comes from underlying rock or later deposits

  • size crucial
  • stones help to heat vineyard
  • sand large particles
  • clay small particles
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6
Q

define: soil composition

A

sits above underlying bedrock

  • range from few centimeters to several meters deep
  • made of tiny particles of various size
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7
Q

factors affect soil for

A

soil composition
stones, sand, clay
humus

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8
Q

define mediterrean climate

A

low temp difference

  • warm summers and dry
  • coastal California, Chile, S Africa, SE Australia
  • fuller bodied, riper tannin, higher alcohol
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9
Q

define maritime climate

A

cool to moderate temp

  • low annual difference
  • rain evenly spread
  • ripen far into fall
  • Bordeaux can ripen cab sauv
  • spring rain can be harmful to fruit set
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10
Q

define continental climate

A

climate that has the greatest difference in temperature between hottest and coldest months

  • high continentality : Chablis/ champagne
  • dry summer may need irrigation
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11
Q

a growing region can be defined by

A 
climate class: cool, moderate, warm, hot
Diurnal Range
Time of rainfall
Climate Category: Continental, maritime, Mediterranean
Continentality: low/ high
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12
Q

3 climate categories for growing grapes?

A

continental
maritime
Mediterranean

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13
Q

hot climates is what temp?

A

region w/ an average growing season temp in excess of 21 C

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14
Q

warm climates is what temp?

A

region w/ an average growing season temp of 18.5-21 C

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15
Q

moderate climate is what temp?

A

region with average growing season temp of 16.5- 18.5

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16
Q

cool climates is what temp?

A

regions w/ an average growing season temp of 16.5 or below

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17
Q

define region’s weather

A

is the annual variation that happens

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18
Q

define cliamte

A

the temperature, sunlight, water availability

  • defined as the annual pattern of temperature, sunlight, rainfall out over several years
  • does not change year to year
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19
Q

describe hail in a vineyard and what are preventive measures?

A

-can destroy entire crops but tends to be localized
eg mendoza

preventive measure:

  • netting
  • reduce risk by owing several vineyard sites
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20
Q

describe how rainfall timing and how much falls can be a hazard

A

can have an affect on flowering and fruit set and be disruptive

  • reduce number of grapes formed
  • damp conditions spread fungal disease, swelling /split grapes
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21
Q

describe the hazards of different amount of water

A

1) drought: stop transpiration to preserve, resources
- extensive photo synthesis stops
2) too much: to much growth = less sugar in grapes and increased shading/ water logged in soil affects roots
3) hail: destroys crops

22
Q

define transpiration

A

-vine access water through roots and draws it up to the leaves
-amount of water determined by temperature
-once canopy has grown, limiting supply = beneficial
can concentrate flavors

23
Q

list they ways water is brought to a vineyard

A
  • rainfall and irrigation
  • drip irrigation
  • sprinklers
  • flood irrigation
24
Q

sunlight: describe how too much / too little can affect a vineyards and what are preventive measures?

A
  • low level can cause small crop
  • intense___ can cause burn, leading to bitter flavors in skins

Preventive measure: good canopy management

25
Q

describe the relationship between sunlight and a slope’s aspect?

A
  • steep slopes benefit more
  • __ face equator= most sun
  • further from equator, sun is weaker
26
Q

describe the relationship between sunlight and neighboring seas and lakes

A

vineyard near large lake or large bodies of water experience more clouds

  • more continentalality the more sun
  • river and lakes can reflect sun into the vineyard
27
Q

describe the relationship between sunlight and latitude

A
  • dry length is longer then further from the equator
  • growing season is longer the further from the equator
  • factors important to ripen riesling in germany
28
Q

factors affecting sunlight include:

A

latitude
seas and lakes
aspects

29
Q

plants need 5 things

A

1) heat –> sun, soil
2) sunlight–> reflected from water, affecting quantity
3) carbon dioxide–> quality of
4) water –> rain irrigation soil
5) nutrients –> particles, humus, fertilizers

30
Q

describe temperature hazard during the growing season

cold

A
  • cold temps in spring delay bud burst
  • shortens growing season
  • may any have time to ripen grapes
31
Q

describe temperature hazard during the growing season

warm?

A

extreme heat will slow activity even when there is sufficient water

32
Q

growers minimize risk of spring frost by using

A

heaters
wind machines
sprinkler
thoughtful vineyard design

33
Q

temperature hazards; spring

A

water vapor that settles on the ground or vine–> can kill newly burst buds or young shoots

34
Q

temperature hazards: winter

A

below 20C can damage/ kill

  • graft is most at risk
    • earth used to cover

mild or no ____
vine will not have dormant period
-shorten life may reduce quality
-more pests to consider

35
Q

factors affecting heat: diurnal range

A

difference between daytime and nighttime temp

  • cool nights slow loss of aroma and acidity
  • proximity to sea and lakes can reduce
  • level of cloud cover influences ___
    - cloud insulate and trap heat
36
Q

factors that affect continentality

A

LOW____
-large bodies of water that heat and cool more slowly than the land mass alone

HIGH____
-region far inland

____ will determine the length of growing season
=influence grape varietal picked here

37
Q

factors affecting heat: continentality

A

____ the temp difference between the coldest and hottest months
-regions with high ____ has large differences in seasonal temperatures

38
Q

factors affecting heat: aspect

A

___ facing the equator receive the most heat
-northern hemisphers need south facing ___
-steeper slopes benefit even mo re
eg best wines in Mosel

39
Q

factors affecting heat: soil

A

___ that are dark in color or have high stone and rock content absorb and re-radiate

  • with high water require more heat to warm up
  • cold soil may delay bud burst
40
Q

factors affecting heat fog

A

help to cool an area

-important to california and Casablanca Valley chilie

41
Q

a warm water ocean current

A

gulf stream warms NW europe

42
Q

2 cold water ocean currents

A

Humboldt–> off Chile

Benguela –> off S Africa

43
Q

factors affecting heat: ocean currents

A

____ transport large volumes of warm / cold water

44
Q

describe the relationship between heat and altitude

A

as ___ increases temperature drops

  • a region at a high _____ can grow grapes closer to the equator
  • cayfayate, northern Argentina
45
Q

describe the relationship between heat and latitude

A

most vineyards are between 30-50 d

n and S of equator

46
Q

factors that affect heat include

A 
Latitude
altitude
ocean current
fog
soil absorb/ reradible
aspect
Continentality and diurnal range
47
Q

fruit set

A

early summer the vine flowers and small grapes form

48
Q

describe vine’s annual growth cycle

A
  • winter dormant
  • spring bud burst
  • late spring / early summer–> vine flowers and small grapes form
  • summer- grapes grow (still hard)
  • late summer/ early fall: grapes swell and sugar increase, acid decrease, flower develop change color
49
Q

veraison

A

when grapes change color
fist sign of ripening
from green to black blue or pink or golden

50
Q

a vine needs heat to do what

A

below 10c too cold for growth ___ is for:
successful flowering, fruit set ripening
-amount is the defining factor that determines grape variety to grow

51
Q

describe which soils hold what amount of water?

A
  • ___ is stored in the soil by binding to clay particles or humus
  • sand and stony do not hold ___
  • mixture sand and clay = loam

WSET 3 Spring 19 (46 decks)

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