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WSET 3 Spring 19 > Ch 43 > Flashcards

Ch 43 Flashcards

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1
Q

Criadera

A

the levels in the solera system that holds wine at the different ages

  • but not the oldest level
  • can be 3 or as many as 14 levels
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2
Q

Solera System

A 
-biological and oxidative aging
holds wine for different ages in butts
each level is a Criadera
maturing process involves moving wine between levels progressively older
final level = solera
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3
Q

ageing vessel and aging environment

A 
matured in 600 litre nutural barrels
oak allows oxygen to get to wine
5/6 fill
cool environment
bodega has high ceilings and windows that point toward the cooling poniat winds
building kept damp and humid
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4
Q

fermentation fortification (sweet)

A

1st to achieve must weight

  • grapes then pressed and fermented
  • yeast struggles to get to a few degrees of ABV
  • fortified to 17% once yeast stops
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5
Q

grape handling (sweet)

A

once picked, grapes are sun dried to concentrate their sugar levels
and develops flavors of raisin

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6
Q

Sobretabla (dry)

A

once the classification is done, wine is fortified

  • set aside for a few months
  • then incorporated into a solera
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7
Q

during the fall, wines are classified into 2 types of wine (dry style)

A

Decision is based on flavor characteristic of base wine
BIOLOGICAL

OXIDATIVE

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8
Q

describe wine classified as biological

A

light pale, more finesse
flor forms
typically grapes are sourced from coastal areas
fermented at low temp

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9
Q

describe wine classified as oxidative

A

richer, heavier
flor forms (at this point)
typically grapes are sourced from inland vineyards and are fermented at high temp

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10
Q

grapes handling and fermentation for dry style sherry

A 
Palomino used
hot temp at harvest- grapes are rushed to press before oxidative 
-large stainless vessel 
ferment at 20-25 degrees C
Hot for white
Aim = neutral base wine
ABV 11-12
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11
Q

what are the grapes used in Jerez

A

Palomino
Pedro Ximeez (PX)
Muscat of Alexandria- only small amounts grown

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12
Q

Jerez soil

A

albariza soil
high chalk contact
good drainage but at depth hold water for summer
soil forms hard crust that limits evaporation

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13
Q

climate of Jerez

A 
hot sunny Mediterranean
vineyard along coast a little cooler
WEST WIND = Poniete cool
EAST WIND = levante hot
-rain is high but soil can cope
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14
Q

what city produces sherry

A 
Jerez de la Frontera
center of Industry
-matured w/i city limits or 2 sea side towns
Sanlucar de barraneda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
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15
Q

Pedro Ximenez (PX)

A

little varietal flavor

  • thin skin = ideal for dried
  • used for sweet sherries
  • most grape comes from Montilla-moriles
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16
Q

Palomino

A

accounts for the vast majority of plantings
low acid
lacks varietal aroma
Ideal for Sherry, where style of wines are largely determined by either biological or oxidative maturation

17
Q

flor need what kind of environment to survive?

A

used for biological aging
# of yeast strands
needs precise cool temp and moderate humidity
ABV lower than 15.5
nutrients from the wine (feeds off alcohol) and oxygen
produces CO2 and acetaldehyde

18
Q

flor in a solera system

A 
butt filled 5/6 full
easy access to oxygen
protect wine from oxidation
needs regular additions of new wine
wine drawn out of crideras and refilled
fino
survives for an average 3-4 years
19
Q

biological ageing (dry)

A

subretubla critical
wine is fortified 15 to 15.5 abv
develops flor correctly
2ns classification: did the wine have style and character suitable for solera system
Fail: refortified and send for oxidative ageing or reject completely

20
Q

oxidative ageing dry

A

wine is fortified to 17 percent
flor dies
soretabla not critical for quality
b/c no need to wait for flor to develop

21
Q

oxidatative ages is meant for what kind of wine

A

Olorso and PX and some muscats are aged this way w/o flor
Amontillado is aged ___ after a period of biological ageing
-introduction of young wine helps to preserve base character
Long term age up to 30 years, high ABV, concentrates as water evaporates

22
Q

blending

A

solera system produces consistent wine
still benefits of blending solera helps
blending can bring together intense flavors of very old wine which would other wise be unbalanced on their own

23
Q

Fining and filtration

A

most sherry will undergo but kept to a minimum

particularly for biological aged b/c vibrancy of flavors can be dulled

24
Q

name the naturally sweet style of sherry

A

Wines have gone through oxidative ageing
PEDRO XIMENEZ (PX)
-deep brown and luscious sweet
-dried fruit coffee licorice

MUSCAT
-retains varietal dried citrus peel character

25
Q

name the dry style of sherry

A

Fino and Manzanilla
Oloroso
Amonontillado
Palo Cortado

26
Q

Name the sweetened styles of sherry

A

Pale cream
medium
cream

27
Q

describe fino and manzanilla

A 
only biological age
-pale lemon
-citrus fruit, almonds, herbs, bready from flor
-tangy and salty
Does not improve / consume young
-minimum fining and filtering
28
Q

describe olorsos

A

only oxidative age
brown, full body
oxidative aroma, toffee, leather, spice, walnut
Concentrated develops as astringency/ balanced when blended

29
Q

describe amontillado

A 
undergone biological followed by oxidative age
refortified to 17 abv
amber/ brown
less full bodied 
combined yeast w/ oxidation
30
Q

describe palo cortado

A

defined as one that has the aroma character of an Amontillado but the richness of an Oloroso
nearly always very high quality

31
Q

describe pale cream

A

sweetened style
short biological age
rectified concentrated grape must
similar to fino but rarely have pronounced flor character

32
Q

describe cream style sherry

A

sweetened style
only shows oxidative character
sweetened w/ PX

Best: toffee, walnut, leather from dry
dried fruit from sweet

33
Q

describe medium style sherry

A

sweeten style
must show character of biological and oxidative ageing
sweetened w/ PX

Best: toffee, walnut, leather from dry
dried fruit from sweet

34
Q

4 categories of age indicated sherry

A

VORS- very old rare sherry (30 year)
VOR- very old (20 year)
15 year -applies to whole solera system
12 year -applies to whole solera system

WSET 3 Spring 19 (46 decks)

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