Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

in modern viticulture the most important grape species are?

A

1) vitis vinifera

2) American wines

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2
Q

vitis vinifera is imporant why

A

___ is the main European species

-produces nearly all the grapes used in wine making for 1000s of years

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3
Q

explaine the importance of American Vines

A

3 important species of native vines

  • rarely used for wine making
  • resistant to phylloxera
  • widely used to produce root stock by grafting
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4
Q

what are the principal differences between grape varieties

A
  • variation in color
  • flavor
  • taste
  • quality of fruit
  • budding
  • ripening time
  • resistant to disease
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5
Q

2 ways grape variety is grown or propagated so that the plant is identical to the original

A

1) cutting-is a section of a vine shoot that is planted and forms a new plant
2) layering (in vineyard) a cane is bent down and a section is berried and eventually it takes root.

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6
Q

define clones

A
  • genetically identical but still possiable to observe variations as a result of mutation
  • can be achieved from cutting and layering
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7
Q

an example of a mutation that has significant effect that resulting plants are treated like a new variety

A

pinot blanc and pino gris are both mutation of the grape pinot noir

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8
Q

what is cross-fertillisation

A

where the pollen from the male part of a flower of one vine is transferred to the female of another flower

  • new variety because genetic materiel will be different from that of its parents
  • drawback –> time consuming
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9
Q

when would possible situation when it would be advantageous to grow in a head grafting format?

A
  • used by a grower that has decided to change varieties between seasons
  • adjustments to market demands quickly
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10
Q

define head grafting

A
  • existing vine is cut back to trunk and a bud or cutting of a new variety is grafted
  • produces fruit the next season & 3 years to produce commercial crop
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11
Q

define bench grafting

A

an automated process that is carried out by specialist plant nurseries
-section of a cane and rood stock are joined by machine and stored in a warm environment in order to encourage the 2 parts to fuse together

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12
Q

benefits of American rootstock

A

protection for European vines

  • protection against nemotodes
  • provides better resistance to doubt conditions
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13
Q

phylloxera

A
  • insect native to North America
  • V Vinifera Defensless
  • Feeds on roots of vine
  • AM rootstock has stick sap that cloggs its mouth
  • not found in Chile, some parts of Argentina, and S Australia
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14
Q

Define Hybrids

A

___ is a vine whose parents come from 2 different vine species
eg: typically will have an AM vine as parent

Vidal

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15
Q

define crossings

A

when a new variety is produced from 2 parents of the same species
Franc X Sauv Blan = Cab Sauv
Riesling X Madeleine Royal= Muller Thurgua
Pinot Noir X Cincault = Pinotage

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16
Q

leaves

A
  • plant engine
  • responsible for photosynthesis, sunlight converts water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen
  • glucose= sugar that is used to support vine growth and ripen grapes
17
Q

flowers and berries

A

vine’s reproductive organ

-group is call inflorescenes

18
Q

trendrills

A

used to grip and support
-senses a structure and warps around

eg: wrap around a wire in order to keep shoots upwrite

19
Q

Buds

A

from in the joint between leaf and shoot

  • embryonic shoot
  • each__- contains in miniature all the structure that will become shoots, leaves, flowers tendrils, the following year
20
Q

parts of the vine?

A
tendrils
buds
flower/ berries
leaves
one year old wood
permanent wood
roots
21
Q

one- year old wood

A
  • shoots turn wood during winter
  • buds from prevous year burst and grow shoots
  • every winter vines is pruned and will be called can or spur depending on number of buds left
  • cane 8-20 -spur 2-3
22
Q

permanent wood

A

wood more than 1 year old

-made up of trunk arms

23
Q

roots

A
  • function 10 absorb water & nutrients
  • anchor vine
  • store carbohydrates
  • survive winter