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Pathology > Ch. 4 part 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: TB has no predilection for ethnic groups

A

False: it is more common in African Americans, Alaskan Inuit, Native Americans, Hispanics, and Southeast Asians

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2
Q

Are most cases of TB primary or secondary TB?

A

secondary

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3
Q

gas gangrene is caused by which Clostridial species?

A

Perfringens

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4
Q

A new teenage mother refuses antibiotic treatment for her newborn. What is the newborn at risk for?

A

eye infection and blindness

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5
Q

a fungus is a

A

mycosis

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6
Q

mycosis: common and confined to skin, hair, and nails

A

superficial

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7
Q

mycosis: involve the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and lymphatics and rarely spread further

A

subcutaneous mycoses

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8
Q

mycosis: caused by dimorphic fungi and produce serious systemic disease in otherwise healthy people

A

endemic mycoses

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9
Q

mycosis: can cause fatal systemic disease in the immunosuppressed, or less commonly in patients with implanted catheters or other medical hardware

A

opportunistic

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10
Q

what’s in superficial mycoses that are common but usually minor?

A

candida

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11
Q

fungus infections: group of fungi that usually live as commensals on skin and in mouth, GI tract, and vagina

A

candida

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12
Q

fungus infections: blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

A

deep mycoses- endemic

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13
Q

fungus infections: aspergillosis and Mucor

A

deep mycoses- immunosuppresed

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14
Q

mucor infection in the nasal passages of a diabetic patient is a surgical emergency. What is the main host factor that predisposes to many fungal infections including Mucor?

A

immunosuppression/immunodeficiency

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15
Q

parasite infections: unicellular, motile, microscopic pathogens with a nucleus

A

protozoa

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16
Q

malaria is caused by one of four species of tiny ( )

A

plasmodium amoebae

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17
Q

parasite infections: infection by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan that infects hundreds of millions of persons anually on the Indian subcontinent, Mexico, and South America

A

Amebiasis

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18
Q

parasite infections: a chronic inflammatory disease of skin, mucous membranes, and viscera caused by species of Leishmania, a microscopic, intracellular protozoan that infects WBCs

A

Leishmaniasis

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19
Q

parasite infections: a disease caused by several varieties of Trypanosoma, microscopic protozoa that infect blood and are transmitted from human to human by insects

A

trypanosomiasis

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20
Q

parasite infections: features preorbital edema, fever, hepatosplenomegaly and ,later, myocardial infection

A

Chagas Disease

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21
Q

hallmark of helminth infections

A

peripheral blood eosinophilia

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22
Q

infect either the intestines or subcutanous tissues

A

roundworms

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23
Q

examples of roundworm infections

A

enterobius (pinworms) and trichinella

24
Q

roundworm infections: worms crawl onto perianal skin and cause intense itching

A

pinworm

25
Q

roundworm infections: transmitted by eating inaduately cooked infected prk

A

trichinosis

26
Q

helminth: trematodes that infect blood vessels, GI tract, lungs, or liver

A

flatworms

27
Q

examples of flat worms

A

schistosomiasis, tapeworms, cystercicosis

28
Q

the most important of all worm infections

A

schistosomiasis

29
Q

flatworm infections: live on skin or hair

A

ectoparasites

30
Q

examples of ectoparasites

A

lice and scabies

31
Q

What is the most common infection in the world? In the United States?

A

Malaria, Giardia

32
Q

Schistomoses can infect which organs?

A

Liver, intestine, and urinary bladder

33
Q

does reinfection often occur in STIs?

A

yes

34
Q

STIs: genital and anorectal warts caused by HPV, genital herpes, and HIV/AIDS

A

Viral STIs

35
Q

STIs: syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections

A

Bacterial STIs

36
Q

STIs: trichomoniasis, scabies, and pediculosis (lice)

A

Parasitic STIs

37
Q

the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide

A

chlamydia

38
Q

an STI that can cause dysplasia and cancer (transformative virus)

A

HPV

39
Q

a chronic STI caused by Teponema pallidum

A

syphilis

40
Q

how easy is diagnosis of STIs?

A

often difficult or incomplete

41
Q

STIs are difficult to preven becase…

A

of failure to follow safe sex practices

42
Q

the most common causes of STI-related infertility

A

chlamydis and gonorrhea

43
Q

sexually transmitted HPV produces two different but related lesions in women:

A

1) condyloma acuminatum (also most common in men)

2) squamous carcinoma of the vulva, vagina, or cervix

44
Q

untreated syphilis develops through four stages:

A

primary, secondary, latent, tertiary

45
Q

hallmark of primary syphillis

A

chancre

46
Q

infection of the genital skin or mucous membranes cause by Haemopilus ducreyi

A

chancroid

47
Q

what mode of transmission is responsible for the infections of Lyme disease?

A

tick bit

48
Q

how does each stage of syphilis manifest?

A

primary syphilis is manifest as a chancre, secondary syphilis is manifest mainly by skin rash and genital condyloma lata. latent syphilis is sublcinical. tertial syphyllus is manifest by brain and vascular diseas

49
Q

T/F: chamydia can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics

A

True

50
Q

T/F: condyloma lata is begign, cauliflower-like growth of the cervical, vaginal, or vulvar squamous mucosa caused by HPV

A

False: condyloma acuminatium is caused by HPV.

condyloma acuminatum is caused by syphilis

51
Q

T/F: antisyphilis antibodies remain present for a lifetime

A

true

52
Q

T/F: immunity against reinfection with STIs prevents patients from acquiring the same STI a second time

A

False: immunity against reinfection is often not achieved, making reinfection possible

53
Q

gold standard of lab tools

A

culture

54
Q

lab tools for bacteria, fungi, viruses

A

culture

55
Q

what are the two most important traditional techniques used to identify organisms?

A

gram stain and culture

Pathology (14 decks)

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