Ch. 4 part 2

Question 1

T/F: TB has no predilection for ethnic groups

Answer 1

False: it is more common in African Americans, Alaskan Inuit, Native Americans, Hispanics, and Southeast Asians

Question 2

Are most cases of TB primary or secondary TB?

Answer 2

secondary

Question 3

gas gangrene is caused by which Clostridial species?

Answer 3

Perfringens

Question 4

A new teenage mother refuses antibiotic treatment for her newborn. What is the newborn at risk for?

Answer 4

eye infection and blindness

Question 5

a fungus is a

Answer 5

mycosis

Question 6

mycosis: common and confined to skin, hair, and nails

Answer 6

superficial

Question 7

mycosis: involve the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and lymphatics and rarely spread further

Answer 7

subcutaneous mycoses

Question 8

mycosis: caused by dimorphic fungi and produce serious systemic disease in otherwise healthy people

Answer 8

endemic mycoses

Question 9

mycosis: can cause fatal systemic disease in the immunosuppressed, or less commonly in patients with implanted catheters or other medical hardware

Answer 9

opportunistic

Question 10

what’s in superficial mycoses that are common but usually minor?

Answer 10

candida

Question 11

fungus infections: group of fungi that usually live as commensals on skin and in mouth, GI tract, and vagina

Answer 11

candida

Question 12

fungus infections: blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

Answer 12

deep mycoses- endemic

Question 13

fungus infections: aspergillosis and Mucor

Answer 13

deep mycoses- immunosuppresed

Question 14

mucor infection in the nasal passages of a diabetic patient is a surgical emergency. What is the main host factor that predisposes to many fungal infections including Mucor?

Answer 14

immunosuppression/immunodeficiency

Question 15

parasite infections: unicellular, motile, microscopic pathogens with a nucleus

Answer 15

protozoa

Question 16

malaria is caused by one of four species of tiny ( )

Answer 16

plasmodium amoebae

Question 17

parasite infections: infection by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan that infects hundreds of millions of persons anually on the Indian subcontinent, Mexico, and South America

Answer 17

Amebiasis

Question 18

parasite infections: a chronic inflammatory disease of skin, mucous membranes, and viscera caused by species of Leishmania, a microscopic, intracellular protozoan that infects WBCs

Answer 18

Leishmaniasis

Question 19

parasite infections: a disease caused by several varieties of Trypanosoma, microscopic protozoa that infect blood and are transmitted from human to human by insects

Answer 19

trypanosomiasis

Question 20

parasite infections: features preorbital edema, fever, hepatosplenomegaly and ,later, myocardial infection

Answer 20

Chagas Disease

Question 21

hallmark of helminth infections

Answer 21

peripheral blood eosinophilia

Question 22

infect either the intestines or subcutanous tissues

Answer 22

roundworms

Question 23

examples of roundworm infections

Answer 23

enterobius (pinworms) and trichinella

Question 24

roundworm infections: worms crawl onto perianal skin and cause intense itching

Answer 24

pinworm

Question 25

roundworm infections: transmitted by eating inaduately cooked infected prk

Answer 25

trichinosis

Question 26

helminth: trematodes that infect blood vessels, GI tract, lungs, or liver

Answer 26

flatworms

Question 27

examples of flat worms

Answer 27

schistosomiasis, tapeworms, cystercicosis

Question 28

the most important of all worm infections

Answer 28

schistosomiasis

Question 29

flatworm infections: live on skin or hair

Answer 29

ectoparasites

Question 30

examples of ectoparasites

Answer 30

lice and scabies

Question 31

What is the most common infection in the world? In the United States?

Answer 31

Malaria, Giardia

Question 32

Schistomoses can infect which organs?

Answer 32

Liver, intestine, and urinary bladder

Question 33

does reinfection often occur in STIs?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

STIs: genital and anorectal warts caused by HPV, genital herpes, and HIV/AIDS

Answer 34

Viral STIs

Question 35

STIs: syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections

Answer 35

Bacterial STIs

Question 36

STIs: trichomoniasis, scabies, and pediculosis (lice)

Answer 36

Parasitic STIs

Question 37

the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide

Answer 37

chlamydia

Question 38

an STI that can cause dysplasia and cancer (transformative virus)

Answer 38

HPV

Question 39

a chronic STI caused by Teponema pallidum

Answer 39

syphilis

Question 40

how easy is diagnosis of STIs?

Answer 40

often difficult or incomplete

Question 41

STIs are difficult to preven becase...

Answer 41

of failure to follow safe sex practices

Question 42

the most common causes of STI-related infertility

Answer 42

chlamydis and gonorrhea

Question 43

sexually transmitted HPV produces two different but related lesions in women:

Answer 43

1) condyloma acuminatum (also most common in men) | 2) squamous carcinoma of the vulva, vagina, or cervix

Question 44

untreated syphilis develops through four stages:

Answer 44

primary, secondary, latent, tertiary

Question 45

hallmark of primary syphillis

Answer 45

chancre

Question 46

infection of the genital skin or mucous membranes cause by Haemopilus ducreyi

Answer 46

chancroid

Question 47

what mode of transmission is responsible for the infections of Lyme disease?

Answer 47

tick bit

Question 48

how does each stage of syphilis manifest?

Answer 48

primary syphilis is manifest as a chancre, secondary syphilis is manifest mainly by skin rash and genital condyloma lata. latent syphilis is sublcinical. tertial syphyllus is manifest by brain and vascular diseas

Question 49

T/F: chamydia can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T/F: condyloma lata is begign, cauliflower-like growth of the cervical, vaginal, or vulvar squamous mucosa caused by HPV

Answer 50

False: condyloma acuminatium is caused by HPV. | condyloma acuminatum is caused by syphilis

Question 51

T/F: antisyphilis antibodies remain present for a lifetime

Answer 51

true

Question 52

T/F: immunity against reinfection with STIs prevents patients from acquiring the same STI a second time

Answer 52

False: immunity against reinfection is often not achieved, making reinfection possible

Question 53

gold standard of lab tools

Answer 53

culture

Question 54

lab tools for bacteria, fungi, viruses

Answer 54

culture

Question 55

what are the two most important traditional techniques used to identify organisms?

Answer 55

gram stain and culture