Ch. 1: Health & Disease

Question 1

what is disease?

Answer 1

healthy anatomy (structure) & physiology (function) gone wrong

Question 2

structural disorder –>

Answer 2

functional disorder

Question 3

functional disorder –>

Answer 3

structural disorder

Question 4

the study of disease in individuals

Answer 4

pathology

Question 5

the study of disease in populations

Answer 5

epidemiology

Question 6

of new cases per year

Answer 6

incidence

Question 7

or % of people with the condition at any moment

Answer 7

prevalence

Question 8

all disease is due to ( ) and/or ( )

Answer 8

environmental injuries and/or genetic defects

Question 9

what can indirectly influence disease?

Answer 9

personal habits, social and economic factors

Question 10

subclinical state is called what?

Answer 10

latent period

Question 11

in infectious diseases, the subclinical state is called

Answer 11

incubation period

Question 12

some disease, especially infectious disease, begins with a period of minor, nonspecific aches, dizziness, or other indications called the ( ) that heralds the coming of more intense, specific indications of disease

Answer 12

prodromal period

Question 13

when the disease is quiet, it is in ( ); when it reappears, it is a ( )

Answer 13

remission; recurrence

Question 14

a disease may quickly give rise to adverse consequences called

Answer 14

complications

Question 15

a disease may be associated with adverse outcomes at a later time, which are called ( )

Answer 15

sequelae

Question 16

pathology: the anatomic abnormality produced by the disease

Answer 16

lesion

Question 17

pathology:the cause of disease

Answer 17

etiology

Question 18

pathology: natural history and development

Answer 18

pathogenesis

Question 19

pathology: the manner in which the incorrect function is expresses

Answer 19

pathophysiology

Question 20

if the etiology is unkown, the disease is said to be ( )

Answer 20

idiopathic

Question 21

if the disease is a byproduct of medical diagnosis or tratment, it is said to be ( )

Answer 21

iatrogenic

Question 22

if a disease originates while a patient is hospitalized, it is described as ( )

Answer 22

nosocomial

Question 23

the number of people with an illness or complication of an illness and can be stated as either incedence or prevalence

Answer 23

morbidity

Question 24

the number of people dying from a particular disease in a particular period of time

Answer 24

mortality

Question 25

an individual’s liklihood of developing a specific disease

Answer 25

risk factors

Question 26

the probability of recovery, death, or another outcome for a disease

Answer 26

prognosis

Question 27

single gene disease

Answer 27

monogenic

Question 28

diseases caused by the interaction of multiple genes

Answer 28

polygenic

Question 29

monogenic vs polygenic: much more common, much less visible, much more difficult to study

Answer 29

polygenic

Question 30

the cause of the patient’s problem

Answer 30

diagnosis

Question 31

the study of structural changes caused by disease (form)

Answer 31

anatomic pathology

Question 32

2 types of examinations in anatomic pathology

Answer 32

gross and microscopic

Question 33

the study of the functional aspects of disease by laboratory study of tissue, blood, urine, or other bodily fluids

Answer 33

clinical pathology

Question 34

a distinct collection of symptoms, signs, and data

Answer 34

syndrome

Question 35

healthy and sick refer to

Answer 35

whether or not the patient actually has a disease

Question 36

normal and abnormal describe

Answer 36

observations and measurements

Question 37

what makes up the “normal”

Answer 37

mean + SD

Question 38

the ability of a test to be positive in the presence of disease

Answer 38

sensitivity

Question 39

high sensitiviy means

Answer 39

high negative predictive value

Question 40

the ability of a test to be negative in the absence of disease

Answer 40

specificity

Question 41

high specificity means

Answer 41

high positive predictive value

Question 42

which to test first: specific or sensitive?

Answer 42

sensitive first

Question 43

positive predictive value=

Answer 43

true positive/ total positive

Question 44

negative predictive value=

Answer 44

true negative/ total negative

Question 45

how well a test performs also has a lot to do with

Answer 45

prevalence