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Pathology > Ch. 11: Disorders of GI Tract > Flashcards

Ch. 11: Disorders of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cause of almost all esophageal varices?

A

cirrohosis of the liver

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2
Q

What is the cause of most chronic atrophic gastritis

A

H. Pylori

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3
Q

About how long does it take for an adenomatous polyp to evolve into the colonic adenocarcinoma?

A

10-15 years

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4
Q

mechanical digestion

A

teeth, gastric, and SI churning

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5
Q

most intestinal bacteria are beneficial because they…

A

produce Vit. K and guard against infective bacteria

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6
Q

lack of appetite

A

anorexia

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7
Q

anorexia vs. anorexia nervosa

A

anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder

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8
Q

vomiting, nausea

A

emesis

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9
Q

nausea is a

A

sensation

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10
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

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11
Q

low-volume, painful, bloody diarrhea

A

dysentery

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12
Q

fatty stools (ex. malabsorption syndromes)

A

steatorrhea

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13
Q

lack of peristalsis (often seen post-op)

A

ileus

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14
Q

upper GI refers to…

A

esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

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15
Q

ileus is a ( ) disorder

A

functional (as opposed to others that are structural)

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16
Q

bowel swallows itself

A

intussusception

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17
Q

causes of mechanical intestical obstruction:

A

1) adhesions
2) intussusception
3) volvulus
4) herniation

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18
Q

twisting of intestines

A

volvulus

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19
Q

diseases of oral cavity: congenital anomalies

A

cleft lip and palate

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20
Q

diseases of oral cavity:tooth and gum disease

A

caries, gingivitis, and periodontis

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21
Q

diseases of oral cavity: the most common cause of tooth loss

A

periodontitis

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22
Q

squamous carcinoma of lower lip most often caused by…

A

sun exposure

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23
Q

diseases of salivary glands: inflammation of salivary glands

A

Sialadenitis

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24
Q

diseases of salivary glands: acute causes of sialadenitis

A

step or mumps

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25
Q

diseases of salivary glands: chronic causes of sialacdenitis

A

autoimmune (Sjorgren’s syndrome- dry eyes and mouth) or stones

26
Q

diseases of salivary glands: most are benign

A

neoplasia

27
Q

diseases of salivary glands:most common neoplasia

A

pleomorphic adenoma (aka Mix Tumor)

28
Q

diseases of the esophagus: congenital lesions

A

atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula

29
Q

disease of stomach: congenital pyloric stenosis leads to

A

intestinal obstruction

30
Q

congenital anomalies of bowels: distal ileum, may have gastric and pancratic tissue

A

Meckel diverticulum

31
Q

congenital anomalies of bowels: may become infected like appendicitis

A

Meckel diverticulum

32
Q

congenital anomalies of bowels: small and large bowel, and anus

A

congentical atresias (obstructions) and stenoses

33
Q

congenital anomalies of bowels: absense of ganglion cells (neurons) in the colon wall neural plexuses –> lack of peristalsis and constriction

A

Congenital aganglionic magacolon (Hirschsprung disease)

34
Q

collection of vessels in mucosa or submucosa, prone to bleed- older adults, 20% of lower GI bleeds

A

Angiodysplasia

35
Q

is Angiodysplasia pre-cancerous?

A

nope! it’s just an abnormal growth.

36
Q

polypoid varices

A

hemorrhoids

37
Q

small and large bowel infections: what cause most infectious diarrhea?

A

bacteria and viruses

38
Q

small and large bowel infections: viruses for young child and cruises, respectively

A

rotavirus, norovirus

39
Q

small and large bowel infections: other than bacteria and infection, what also causes infectious diarrhea?

A

intestinal protozoa

40
Q

Malabsorption syndromes: what is caused by gluten sensitivity

A

celiac sprue

41
Q

inflammatory bowel disease: what are similar

A

crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

42
Q

irritable bowel syndrome: what is a common problem with this?

A

psychological problems common

43
Q

which has the biggest incidive of colon cancer : crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis?

A

ulcerative colitis

44
Q

are non-neoplastic polyps premalignant?

A

nope!

45
Q

non-neoplastic polyps that we need to know

A

hyperplastic polyps

46
Q

are adenomatous polpys premalignant?

A

yes!

47
Q

examples of adenomatous polyps

A

1) tubular adenoma
2) villous adenoma
3) tubular villous adenoma

48
Q

familial adenomatous polyposis (Autosomal Dominant) always leads to…

A

colon cancer

49
Q

what is the 2nd most common cause of cancer death

A

colon cancer

50
Q

what is a carcinoid tumor?

A
51
Q

you don’t get carcinoid sydrome with carcinoid tumor unless…

A

there are masticies in the liver

52
Q

adenomatous polyps: flat polyps

A

sessile

53
Q

adenomatous polyps: tubular polyps

A

pedunculated

54
Q

adenomatous polyps: risk is based on ( )

A

size

55
Q

what can lead to diverticulitis?

A

diverticulosis

56
Q

in colonic diverticulosis and anorectal conditions, what are common?

A

anorectal conditions (fissure, perirectal abcess, fistula, piloidal cyst, proctitis)

57
Q

what is acute appendicits usually due to?

A

obstruction, fecalith, etc

58
Q

how common is acute appendicitis?

A

common! (5% of population)

59
Q

complication of acute appendicitis or diverticulitis

A

peritonitis

60
Q

in peritonitis, what is a risk?

A

presence of ascitic fluid (cirrhosis)

61
Q

what usually arises from abdoninal malignancies such as ovarian and pancreatic carcinoma?

A

peritoneal carcinomatosis

62
Q

what type of tumors are carcinoids?

A

neuroendocrine

Pathology (14 decks)

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