Ch. 11: Disorders of GI Tract

Question 1

what is the cause of almost all esophageal varices?

Answer 1

cirrohosis of the liver

Question 2

What is the cause of most chronic atrophic gastritis

Answer 2

H. Pylori

Question 3

About how long does it take for an adenomatous polyp to evolve into the colonic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 3

10-15 years

Question 4

mechanical digestion

Answer 4

teeth, gastric, and SI churning

Question 5

most intestinal bacteria are beneficial because they…

Answer 5

produce Vit. K and guard against infective bacteria

Question 6

lack of appetite

Answer 6

anorexia

Question 7

anorexia vs. anorexia nervosa

Answer 7

anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder

Question 8

vomiting, nausea

Answer 8

emesis

Question 9

nausea is a

Answer 9

sensation

Question 10

difficulty swallowing

Answer 10

dysphagia

Question 11

low-volume, painful, bloody diarrhea

Answer 11

dysentery

Question 12

fatty stools (ex. malabsorption syndromes)

Answer 12

steatorrhea

Question 13

lack of peristalsis (often seen post-op)

Answer 13

ileus

Question 14

upper GI refers to…

Answer 14

esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Question 15

ileus is a ( ) disorder

Answer 15

functional (as opposed to others that are structural)

Question 16

bowel swallows itself

Answer 16

intussusception

Question 17

causes of mechanical intestical obstruction:

Answer 17

1) adhesions
2) intussusception
3) volvulus
4) herniation

Question 18

twisting of intestines

Answer 18

volvulus

Question 19

diseases of oral cavity: congenital anomalies

Answer 19

cleft lip and palate

Question 20

diseases of oral cavity:tooth and gum disease

Answer 20

caries, gingivitis, and periodontis

Question 21

diseases of oral cavity: the most common cause of tooth loss

Answer 21

periodontitis

Question 22

squamous carcinoma of lower lip most often caused by…

Answer 22

sun exposure

Question 23

diseases of salivary glands: inflammation of salivary glands

Answer 23

Sialadenitis

Question 24

diseases of salivary glands: acute causes of sialadenitis

Answer 24

step or mumps

Question 25

diseases of salivary glands: chronic causes of sialacdenitis

Answer 25

autoimmune (Sjorgren's syndrome- dry eyes and mouth) or stones

Question 26

diseases of salivary glands: most are benign

Answer 26

neoplasia

Question 27

diseases of salivary glands:most common neoplasia

Answer 27

pleomorphic adenoma (aka Mix Tumor)

Question 28

diseases of the esophagus: congenital lesions

Answer 28

atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 29

disease of stomach: congenital pyloric stenosis leads to

Answer 29

intestinal obstruction

Question 30

congenital anomalies of bowels: distal ileum, may have gastric and pancratic tissue

Answer 30

Meckel diverticulum

Question 31

congenital anomalies of bowels: may become infected like appendicitis

Answer 31

Meckel diverticulum

Question 32

congenital anomalies of bowels: small and large bowel, and anus

Answer 32

congentical atresias (obstructions) and stenoses

Question 33

congenital anomalies of bowels: absense of ganglion cells (neurons) in the colon wall neural plexuses --> lack of peristalsis and constriction

Answer 33

Congenital aganglionic magacolon (Hirschsprung disease)

Question 34

collection of vessels in mucosa or submucosa, prone to bleed- older adults, 20% of lower GI bleeds

Answer 34

Angiodysplasia

Question 35

is Angiodysplasia pre-cancerous?

Answer 35

nope! it's just an abnormal growth.

Question 36

polypoid varices

Answer 36

hemorrhoids

Question 37

small and large bowel infections: what cause most infectious diarrhea?

Answer 37

bacteria and viruses

Question 38

small and large bowel infections: viruses for young child and cruises, respectively

Answer 38

rotavirus, norovirus

Question 39

small and large bowel infections: other than bacteria and infection, what also causes infectious diarrhea?

Answer 39

intestinal protozoa

Question 40

Malabsorption syndromes: what is caused by gluten sensitivity

Answer 40

celiac sprue

Question 41

inflammatory bowel disease: what are similar

Answer 41

crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Question 42

irritable bowel syndrome: what is a common problem with this?

Answer 42

psychological problems common

Question 43

which has the biggest incidive of colon cancer : crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis?

Answer 43

ulcerative colitis

Question 44

are non-neoplastic polyps premalignant?

Answer 44

nope!

Question 45

non-neoplastic polyps that we need to know

Answer 45

hyperplastic polyps

Question 46

are adenomatous polpys premalignant?

Answer 46

yes!

Question 47

examples of adenomatous polyps

Answer 47

1) tubular adenoma 2) villous adenoma 3) tubular villous adenoma

Question 48

familial adenomatous polyposis (Autosomal Dominant) always leads to...

Answer 48

colon cancer

Question 49

what is the 2nd most common cause of cancer death

Answer 49

colon cancer

Question 50

what is a carcinoid tumor?

Answer 50

***

Question 51

you don't get carcinoid sydrome with carcinoid tumor unless...

Answer 51

there are masticies in the liver

Question 52

adenomatous polyps: flat polyps

Answer 52

sessile

Question 53

adenomatous polyps: tubular polyps

Answer 53

pedunculated

Question 54

adenomatous polyps: risk is based on ( )

Answer 54

size

Question 55

what can lead to diverticulitis?

Answer 55

diverticulosis

Question 56

in colonic diverticulosis and anorectal conditions, what are common?

Answer 56

anorectal conditions (fissure, perirectal abcess, fistula, piloidal cyst, proctitis)

Question 57

what is acute appendicits usually due to?

Answer 57

obstruction, fecalith, etc

Question 58

how common is acute appendicitis?

Answer 58

common! (5% of population)

Question 59

complication of acute appendicitis or diverticulitis

Answer 59

peritonitis

Question 60

in peritonitis, what is a risk?

Answer 60

presence of ascitic fluid (cirrhosis)

Question 61

what usually arises from abdoninal malignancies such as ovarian and pancreatic carcinoma?

Answer 61

peritoneal carcinomatosis

Question 62

what type of tumors are carcinoids?

Answer 62

neuroendocrine