Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Ch. 10: Disorders of Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Ch. 10: Disorders of Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Diff b/w Right main bronchus and left main bronchus

A

Right is more vertical bc there’s a heart on the left side (so most things go to the right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

diff be/w bronchus and bronchiole

A

bronchus has cartilage (can’t contract well so bronchiole does more of that)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type II pneumocyte makes

A

surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which pneumocyte more numerous and deals with gas exchange?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

measures lung volumes and flow rate

A

spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the amount of air expelled from maximal expiration after maximal inspiration

A

forced vital capacity (FVC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

forced expiratory volume in one second

A

FEV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spirometry ratio

A

FEV1/FVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FEV1/FVC ration obstructive disease

A

low (FEV1 decreases and FVC increases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FEV1/FVC ration restrictive disease

A

near normal (both decrease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: viral etiology (rhinovirus)

A

infectious rhinitis (common cold, upper resp infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: very common, 20% of US pop (type I immune reaction, immediated hypersensitivity)

A

allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: secondary to recurrent rhinitis, not neoplastic

A

nasal polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: sinus mucus accumulation

A

sinus mecoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: usually bacterioal, fungal is especially dangerous (diabetics or immunocompromised)

A

sinusitis, acute and chronic

acute= neutrophils, chronic= plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: benign neoplasms, may recur after excision, especially inverted papillomas (HPV etiology)

A

sinonasal papillomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: viral and bacerial (ex. step throat)

A

pharyngitis and tonsillitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: often secondary to URI

A

laryngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: voice stress, smoking, hoarseness and pain, “linebacker coaches”

A

vocal cord nodule (singer’s node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: benign, HPC, often recur after excision

A

laryngeal papillomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

upper respiratory tract disease: risk factors are SMOKING and ALCOHOL ABUSE (in concert) ***

A

carcinoma of the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

collapse of the lungs

A

atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

atelectasis leads to

A

poor or absent gas exchange and risk of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 types of atelectasis

A

1) resoprtion
2) compression
3) contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

atelectasis: due to bronchial obstruction

A

resporption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

atelectasis: due to external compression, pleural or sub-diaphragmatic(fluid, air- ex. pneumothorax, blood)

A

compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

atelectasis: due to scarring (ex. TB)

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2 varities of pulmonary edema

A

1) hemodynamic

2) microvascular injury

29
Q

pulmonary edema: due to left heart failure

A

hemodynamic

30
Q

pulmonary edema: due to toxic fumes, hot gas (smoke ihalation), bacterial endotoxins, IV drug abuse

A

microvascular injury

31
Q

microvascular injury may lead to

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

32
Q

obstructive lung disease: often obsesm M>F, associated with HTN and heart failure, may lead to injury due to drowsiness

A

obstructive sleep apnea

33
Q

unlike other obstructive lung deases, which on have normal FEV1/FVC

A

obstructive sleep apnea

34
Q

obstructive lung disease: bronchospasm and excessive mucus

A

asthma

35
Q

asthma type: allergic, type I hypersensitivity

A

atopic

36
Q

asthma type: UR, exercise, air pollution

A

non-atopic

37
Q

asthma type: wood grain or textile dust

A

occupational

38
Q

obstructive lung disease: bronchial air-trapping

A

COPD

39
Q

COPD FEV1/FVC ration

A

low!!!

40
Q

COPD due to..

A

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

41
Q

parenchymal destruction

A

emphysema

42
Q

emphysema can lead to…

A

pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure (cor pulmonale)

43
Q

COPD: most due to smoking, bronchial and bronchiolar inflammation and excessive mucus production

A

chronic bronchitis

44
Q

obstructive lung disease:always secondary to something else (ex. cystic fibrosis)

A

bronchiectasis

45
Q

obstructive lung disease: chronic necrotizing bronchial infection leads to dilitation of small bronchi (mucopurulent filled tubes)

A

bronchiectasis

46
Q

restrictive lung disease: what is the only element of most isterstitial disease?

A

fibrosis

47
Q

restrictive lung disease: has many names, often grouped under the clinical diagnosis of ( )

A

idopathic pulmonary fibrosis

48
Q

caused by inhaled dust and fumes, including abestosis

A

pneumoconioses

49
Q

which diseases go under restrictive lung disease:

A

pneumoconioses and granulomatous Interstitial diseases

50
Q

restrictive lung disease: important systemic disease under granlomatous interstitial disease

A

sarcoidosis

51
Q

T cell mediated, chronic exposure organic dusts

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

52
Q

common and can be fatal; almost all originate from deep veins of legs and pelvis

A

pulmonary throboembolism

53
Q

vacular and circulatory lung disease: associated with immobilization, obesity, cancer, pregnancy

A

pulmonary thromboembolism

54
Q

vacular and circulatory lung disease: often irreversible and fatal

A

pulmonary HTN

55
Q

most common cause of pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

56
Q

pulmonary HTN can lead to…

A

con pulmonale (right heart failure)

57
Q

two anatomic types of pneumonia:

A

alveolar (often bacterial) and interstitial (viral)

58
Q

types of alveolar pneumonia

A

bronchopneumonia (patchy) and lobar pneumonia (consolidates a lobe…often strep–aka pneumococcus)

59
Q

1 cause of cancer death in the US

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

60
Q

what causes bronchogenic carcinoma?

A

smoking!

61
Q

lung neoplasm: neuroendocrine tumor, less aggresive

A

bronchial carcinoid

62
Q

air in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

63
Q

common causes of pneumothorax

A

trauma, emphysema, tension pneumothorax, potentially fatal

64
Q

fulid in the pleural space

A

effusions

65
Q

rare malignancy of the pleura

A

mesothelioma

66
Q

dieases of the pleura: associated with asbestos eposure

A

mesothelioma

67
Q

asbestos leads to a ( ) increased risk of lung carcinoma

A

5X

68
Q

dieases of the pleura: bloody (tumor), whole blood (trauma)

A

effusions

Pathology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions