Ch. 24: aging, stress, exercise and pain

Question 1

age-related deterioration

Answer 1

senescence

Question 2

senescence occurs ( )

Answer 2

cell by cell

Question 3

what body systems do senescence affect?

Answer 3

all of them

Question 4

causes senescence: damaged cells are less ( )

Answer 4

robust

Question 5

causes senescence:reactive oxygen species (oxidants) vs ( )

Answer 5

antioxidants (vitamins C and E)

Question 6

causes senescence: telomeres and cell ( )

Answer 6

retirement

Question 7

causes senescence:excessive ( )

Answer 7

apoptosis

Question 8

causes senescence: genetic disorders of accelerated aging

Answer 8

progeria

Question 9

progeria is usually a ( ) mutation…is it heriatable?

Answer 9

spontaneous point mutation; not heritable

Question 10

what does progeria interfere with?

Answer 10

cells ability to reproduce (no new cells to replace old ones)

Question 11

how common is progeria?

Answer 11

very rare; many varieties

Question 12

progeria: few survive to what age?

Answer 12

15

Question 13

progeria: cause of death is usually what?

Answer 13

atherosclerosis

Question 14

how senescence affects skin

Answer 14

sunlight damage

Question 15

how senescence affects musculoskeletal

Answer 15

osteoporosis, myoatrophy, osteoarthritis

Question 16

how senescence affects CVS

Answer 16

limited max HR, output; hypertension

Question 17

how senescence affects respiratory

Answer 17

decreased capacity; COPD

Question 18

how senescence affects GI

Answer 18

liver slow to clear drugs, toxins; poor nutrition, constipation, dehydration

Question 19

how senescence affects GU

Answer 19

low GFR, incontinence, vaginal dryness, erectile dysfunction

Question 20

how senescence affects CNS

Answer 20

decline of cognitive power, reflexes; Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s

Question 21

how senescence affects Senses

Answer 21

deafness, loss of smell, dry eyes

Question 22

what is the key of stress

Answer 22

perception

Question 23

the stress response includes what 3 phases?

Answer 23

alarm, adaption, exhaustion

Question 24

stress response phase: sympathetic NS, endocrine; fight or flight

Answer 24

alarm

Question 25

stress response phase: perception; physical

Answer 25

adaptation

Question 26

stress response phase: failed adaptation

Answer 26

exhaustion

Question 27

stress exhaustion harms ( )

Answer 27

cells and systems

Question 28

stress and cells/systems: common link

Answer 28

cortisol= impaired immune function= impaired glucose metabolism (diabetes) and immune surveillance (cancers)

Question 29

physical stress

Answer 29

chronic inflammation (atherosclerosis accelerated aging, impaired DNA repair mechanism, oxidative stress)

Question 30

mental stress: acute

Answer 30

terrorizing flashbacks, panic, withdrawal

Question 31

mental stress: chronic

Answer 31

PTSD, longer version of acute

Question 32

immobility: muskuloskeletal

Answer 32

atrophy, flexion contractures, osteopenia

Question 33

immobility: skin

Answer 33

decubitis (pressure) ulcers

Question 34

immobility: CVS

Answer 34

deep venous thrombosis

Question 35

immobility: respiratory

Answer 35

hypoventilation, pneumonia

Question 36

immobility: GI

Answer 36

contipation

Question 37

sensation apart from origin

Answer 37

referred pain

Question 38

pain is classified by ( )

Answer 38

duration and origin

Question 39

pain classification: disappears with healing, associated with anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea

Answer 39

acute

Question 40

for pain to be classified as chronic, how long must pain be?

Answer 40

more than one month

Question 41

pain classification: signal from pain receptors in injured site

Answer 41

nociceptive

Question 42

pain classification: injury to or dysfunction of nervous system

Answer 42

neuropathic

Question 43

options in pain treatment are largely ( )

Answer 43

pharmacologic

Question 44

patients lack ( ) to say what pain is

Answer 44

verbal

Question 45

chronic pain mechanism: injury heals, pain remains

Answer 45

sensitized transmission circuits

Question 46

chronic pain mechanism: pain relief by antidepressants, anticonvulsants

Answer 46

variable cortical interpretation (perception)

Question 47

chronic pain: ( ) involves nervous system damage or dysfunction

Answer 47

neuropathic pain

Question 48

chronic pain pharacologic treatments:

Answer 48

analgesia, anethesia, anti-inflammaotory

Question 49

mechanisms that may provoke chronic pain

Answer 49

1) chronic injury and altered perception (fibromyalgia) 2) accelerated cellular aging 3) increased oxidative stress

Question 50

chronic pain: involves nervous system damage or dysfunction

Answer 50

neuropathic pain

Question 51

neuropathic pain: relfex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia

Answer 51

complex regional pain syndrome