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Pathology > Ch. 24: aging, stress, exercise and pain > Flashcards

Ch. 24: aging, stress, exercise and pain Flashcards

1
Q

age-related deterioration

A

senescence

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2
Q

senescence occurs ( )

A

cell by cell

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3
Q

what body systems do senescence affect?

A

all of them

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4
Q

causes senescence: damaged cells are less ( )

A

robust

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5
Q

causes senescence:reactive oxygen species (oxidants) vs ( )

A

antioxidants (vitamins C and E)

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6
Q

causes senescence: telomeres and cell ( )

A

retirement

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7
Q

causes senescence:excessive ( )

A

apoptosis

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8
Q

causes senescence: genetic disorders of accelerated aging

A

progeria

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9
Q

progeria is usually a ( ) mutation…is it heriatable?

A

spontaneous point mutation; not heritable

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10
Q

what does progeria interfere with?

A

cells ability to reproduce (no new cells to replace old ones)

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11
Q

how common is progeria?

A

very rare; many varieties

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12
Q

progeria: few survive to what age?

A

15

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13
Q

progeria: cause of death is usually what?

A

atherosclerosis

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14
Q

how senescence affects skin

A

sunlight damage

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15
Q

how senescence affects musculoskeletal

A

osteoporosis, myoatrophy, osteoarthritis

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16
Q

how senescence affects CVS

A

limited max HR, output; hypertension

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17
Q

how senescence affects respiratory

A

decreased capacity; COPD

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18
Q

how senescence affects GI

A

liver slow to clear drugs, toxins; poor nutrition, constipation, dehydration

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19
Q

how senescence affects GU

A

low GFR, incontinence, vaginal dryness, erectile dysfunction

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20
Q

how senescence affects CNS

A

decline of cognitive power, reflexes; Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s

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21
Q

how senescence affects Senses

A

deafness, loss of smell, dry eyes

22
Q

what is the key of stress

A

perception

23
Q

the stress response includes what 3 phases?

A

alarm, adaption, exhaustion

24
Q

stress response phase: sympathetic NS, endocrine; fight or flight

A

alarm

25
Q

stress response phase: perception; physical

A

adaptation

26
Q

stress response phase: failed adaptation

A

exhaustion

27
Q

stress exhaustion harms ( )

A

cells and systems

28
Q

stress and cells/systems: common link

A

cortisol= impaired immune function= impaired glucose metabolism (diabetes) and immune surveillance (cancers)

29
Q

physical stress

A

chronic inflammation (atherosclerosis accelerated aging, impaired DNA repair mechanism, oxidative stress)

30
Q

mental stress: acute

A

terrorizing flashbacks, panic, withdrawal

31
Q

mental stress: chronic

A

PTSD, longer version of acute

32
Q

immobility: muskuloskeletal

A

atrophy, flexion contractures, osteopenia

33
Q

immobility: skin

A

decubitis (pressure) ulcers

34
Q

immobility: CVS

A

deep venous thrombosis

35
Q

immobility: respiratory

A

hypoventilation, pneumonia

36
Q

immobility: GI

A

contipation

37
Q

sensation apart from origin

A

referred pain

38
Q

pain is classified by ( )

A

duration and origin

39
Q

pain classification: disappears with healing, associated with anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea

A

acute

40
Q

for pain to be classified as chronic, how long must pain be?

A

more than one month

41
Q

pain classification: signal from pain receptors in injured site

A

nociceptive

42
Q

pain classification: injury to or dysfunction of nervous system

A

neuropathic

43
Q

options in pain treatment are largely ( )

A

pharmacologic

44
Q

patients lack ( ) to say what pain is

A

verbal

45
Q

chronic pain mechanism: injury heals, pain remains

A

sensitized transmission circuits

46
Q

chronic pain mechanism: pain relief by antidepressants, anticonvulsants

A

variable cortical interpretation (perception)

47
Q

chronic pain: ( ) involves nervous system damage or dysfunction

A

neuropathic pain

48
Q

chronic pain pharacologic treatments:

A

analgesia, anethesia, anti-inflammaotory

49
Q

mechanisms that may provoke chronic pain

A

1) chronic injury and altered perception (fibromyalgia)
2) accelerated cellular aging
3) increased oxidative stress

50
Q

chronic pain: involves nervous system damage or dysfunction

A

neuropathic pain

51
Q

neuropathic pain: relfex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia

A

complex regional pain syndrome

Pathology (14 decks)

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