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pathology > Ch. 23 Disorders of Daily Life > Flashcards

Ch. 23 Disorders of Daily Life Flashcards

1
Q

seriousness of thermal burns determined by

A

depth, % body surface area, baux score, lung injury, rapid Rx

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2
Q

depth of thermal burns: confined to epidermis

A

superficial

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3
Q

depth of thermal burns: dermis involved

A

partial thickness

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4
Q

depth of thermal burns: through dermis to fat, muscle, bone

A

full thickness

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5
Q

depth of thermal burns: red, blanche to pressure, no vesicles (blisters), no edema, painful, dry, no scar

A

superficial

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6
Q

depth of thermal burns: vesicles (blisters), red, do not blanche to pressure, always edematous, painful, wet, heal with scar

A

partial thickness

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7
Q

depth of thermal burns: charred or translucent, vesselsvisible, often painless (nerve destruction), pain from partial thickness burns at edges, heal with scar

A

full thickness

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8
Q

Baux score

A

age + percent BSA= estimated mortality

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9
Q

LD50=

baux score of 50% people die

A

BS 109

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10
Q

lung injury adds ( ) to age plus BSA

A

17

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11
Q

2 biggest complaints of burn victims

A

thirsty and cold

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12
Q

freezing of superficial skin

A

frostnip

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13
Q

cold injury: firm white patches, peel or blister with rewarming

A

frostnip

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14
Q

cold injury: dermis and deeper

A

frostbite

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15
Q

cold injury: hard, white, lacks feeling. may blister with rewarming. may cause gangrene

A

frostbite

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16
Q

cold injury: cole temp, wet clothes, alcohol (peripheral vasodilation). Lethargy, cluminess, confusion, low respiratory and heart rates

A

hypothermia

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17
Q

key of heat stroke

A

high body temp but no sweating

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18
Q

heat illness: dehydration and electrolyte loss

A

muscle spasms

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19
Q

elecritcal injury: burns, intravascular coagulation

A

heat injury

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20
Q

elecritcal injury: cardiac arrhythmia, muscle spasms, seizure, respiratory arrest

A

electrical dysfunction

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21
Q

ionizing radiation: low energy radiation (visible light, radio, radar) does no ( )

A

molecular damage

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22
Q

ionizing radiation: ( ) cause molecular damage that cannot be reversed

A

high energy

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23
Q

most common high energy ionizing radiation

A

skin cancers from UV damage

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24
Q

ionizing radiation: ( ) is cumulative for life

A

effect

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25
Q

effect of ionizing radiation depends on…

A

field size, rate of cell proliferation, tissue oxygenation

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26
Q

effect of ionizing radiation: radiation Rx= intense to small field; whole body= lower level can be fatal

A

field size

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27
Q

effect of ionizing radiation: high: bone marrow, lymphoid, GI and respiratory epithelius, gonads, epidermis;
low: muscle/bone

A

rate of cell prolferation

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28
Q

effect of ionizing radiation: high O2 more vulnerable; ractive oxygen species enhance damage

A

tissue oxygenation

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29
Q

ionizing radiation: ifections (lymphoid, BM), diarrhea (GI mucosa)

A

acute radiation sickess

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30
Q

heat illness: profuse sweating, sudden weakness, disorientation, fainting

A

heat exhaustion

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31
Q

heat illness: body temp 102

A

heat exhaustion

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32
Q

heat illness: body temp 104

A

heat stroke

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33
Q

heat illness: headache, nausea, vomiting, very rapid HR and respiratory rate, weakness or rigity, disorientation, coma

A

het stroke

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34
Q

heat illness: heat cram Rx

A

rehydration, electrolyte

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35
Q

heat illness: heat exhaustion Rx

A

relief from heat, fluid, electrolytes

36
Q

heat illness: heat stroke Rx

A

rapid cooling, cold IV fluids, half dies is body temp rises to 106

37
Q

toxin vs poison:

A

poison connotates intent

38
Q

T/F: any substance can be toxis if dose is large enough, including water

A

True

39
Q

long term exposure to aniline dye

A

bladder cancer

40
Q

long term exposure to asbestos

A

lung cancer

41
Q

long term toxic exposure is often ( )

A

occupational

42
Q

carbon monoxide= indoor or outdoor

A

indoor

43
Q

passive smoke is ( )

A

sidestream smoke

44
Q

getting second hand smoke are you getting the most toxic or least toxic?

A

most toxic

45
Q

acute drug overdose ~( ) accidental deaths

A

35,000

46
Q

acute alcohol poisoning ~() accidental deaths

A

2000

47
Q

metal toxic exposures: most from paint

A

lead

48
Q

metal toxic exposures: now rare, some fish

A

mecury

49
Q

therapeutic drugs: now only for hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness

A

hormost (estrogen) replacement Rx

50
Q

therapeutic drugs: very small decreased risk for ovarian and endometrial cancer; very samll increased risk for cervical, breast, and liver cancer

A

oral contraceptives

51
Q

therapeutic drugs:testoterone alalogs, illegal in US; increase muscle mass, improve athletic performance

A

anabolic steroids

52
Q

therapeutic drugs: Reye syndrome (liver toxicity, febrile children)

A

aspirin

53
Q

therapeutic drugs: acetaminophen (tylenol) accidental oversose ~() deaths/year

A

200-1500 (liver failure)

54
Q

1 cause of preventable death in US Smoke

A

tabacco use

55
Q

tobacco use contains ( ) carcinogens

A

60+

56
Q

tobacco use: ( ) deaths one year

A

480,000

57
Q

tobacco use: of 480,000 deaths, how many second hand smoke?

A

~41,000

58
Q

tobacco use: ( ) correlates with disease

A

number of pack-years

59
Q

tobacco use: ( ) is the addictive drug in tobacco

A

nicotine

60
Q

alcohol use and abuse: deaths/year

A

~88,000

61
Q

alcohol use and abuse: leathal drunkenness; coma and death occur at ( )

A

.08%;

.3-40%

62
Q

alcohol use and abuse:( ) metaboizes ethaanol and is most severely affected

A

liver (fatty liver, cirrhosis)

63
Q

alcohol use and abuse:pancreas

A

pancreatitis

64
Q

alcohol use and abuse: GI tract

A

gastritis, gastric and esophageal ulcers with hemorrhange, cancers of mouth/pharynx/larynx/esophagus

65
Q

alcohol use and abuse: CVS

A

cardiomyophathy (but moderate alcohol consumption is CVS protective)

66
Q

alcohol use and abuse: CNS

A

cerebellar degeneration, encephalopathy, psychosis

67
Q

drug abuse: have a calming effect

A

depressants

68
Q

drug abuse: ethanol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

A

depressants

69
Q

drug abuse: produce euphoria, agitation

A

stimlants

70
Q

drug abuse: cocaine, amphetamines

A

stimulants

71
Q

drug abuse: cause euphoria, drowsiness

A

narcotics

72
Q

drug abuse: most derived from opium (heroin, morphine)

A

narcotics

73
Q

drug abuse: synthetics- fetanyl, meperidine, oxycodone

A

narcotics

74
Q

drug abuse: distort reality

A

hallucinogens

75
Q

drug abuse: MJ, LSD, DMT, others

A

hallucinogens

76
Q

nutritional disorders: eating disorders, poverty, ignorance, disease

A

undernutrition

77
Q

protein and energy deficiency…skeletally thin limbs, wrinkled skin=

A

marasmus

78
Q

protein deficiency but some carbohydrate calories: puffy face, limbs, bulging belly from low blood albumin and resultant edema, smooth skin

A

Kwashiorkor

79
Q

protein energy malnutrition: severe wasting with cancer, AIDS (not mere starvation; metabolism increased)

A

cachexia

80
Q

obesity is defined by ( )

A

BMI (Kg/m^2)

81
Q

( ) of US population is overweight; ( ) obese

A

2/3; 1/3

82
Q

obesity diseases

A

diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gallstones, hypoventilation, osteoarthritis, cancer

83
Q

BMI morbid obesity

A

over 40

84
Q

morbid obesity

A

+ sleep apnea, reflux, incontinence, infertility

85
Q

is a calorie a calorie?

A

no; sugar peaks really high and is stored as fat

86
Q

metabolic syndrome: has to have ( ) of 5 for Dx

A

3

87
Q

metabolic syndrome: 5 requirements

A

1) hypertension
2) abnormal glucose metabolism
3) high triglyceride
4) low HDL cholesterol (males

pathology (14 decks)

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