Ch. 4 & 5 Flashcards
Taught by Aristotle. Became king of Macedonia, attacked Persian empire and won.
Alexander the Great
“To imitate Greeks,” an age that saw the extension of the Greek language and ideas to the non-Greek world of the Near East
Hellenism
Named after Alexander the Great, made to guard strategic points and supervise wide areas
Alexandria
Alexandrian scholar who is primarily known for his elements - a system of geometry
Euclid
Important for his work on the geometry of spheres and cylinders, established the mathematical constant of pi.
Archimedes
One way that thought developed Hellenistic and Roman period
Epicureans
A product of the teacher Zeno from Athens, stoics believe happiness could only be found in virtue, which means essentially living in harmony with divine will
Stoics
Egyptian cult. One of the most popular mystery religions. Isis was the goddess of women, marriage, and children
Isis
Leader of Jewish uprising when Jews wanted to take control of their temple again in 164 BC
Judas Maccabaeus
Jews celebrate this every year since they regained control of the temple
Hanukkah
Twin brothers who, according to legend, founded Rome in 753 BC
Romulus and Remus
Chief executive officers of the Roman Republic
Consuls and Praetors
Council of elders, select group of about three-hundred men who served for life. Could only advise magistrates
Senate
Consisted of families who serve descendants from the original senators appointed during the period of the kings; “independent, unprivileged, poorer, and vulnerable men.”
Patricians and Plebians
One of the chief ancient sources for the history of the early Roman Republic. Masterpiece was “History of Rome,” covering the years from the foundation of the city
Livy
Largest and richest state in the area
Carthaginian Empire
The first of these wars began when the Romans decided to intervene in a struggle between two Sicilian cities by sending an army to Sicily
Punic Wars
The greatest Carthaginian general from the Second Punic War
Hannibal
Romans possessed people who worked for them, but were still treated like family
Slavery
Codification of Roman
Twelve Tables
Best exemplar of the literary and intellectual interests for the senatorial elite of the late Republic and, indeed, the greatest prose writer of that period.
Cicero
Magnificent architecture
Coliseum
Powerful, influential leader in the republic, reformer, “dictator for life”
Julius Caesar
Rival of Antony and Cleopatra; wanted to follow Caesar; close in relation to Caesar; young; Caesar Augustus; Senate game him the name Augustus; becomes one of Rome’s most powerful leaders in its history
Octavian
Wanted to be successor of Caesar; experience. Became allies against Octavian. Defeated by Octavian.
Antony & Cleopatra
