Ch. 15 & 16 & 17

Question 1

the historical process in which religion loses social and cultural significance.

Answer 1

Seculariation

Question 2

Practice that had been part of traditional village culture for centuries but came to be viewed as sinister and dangerous.

Answer 2

witchcraft

Question 3

Germanic lands of the Holy Roman Empire as a struggle between Catholic forces, led by the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperors and Calvinist nobles in Bohemia.

Answer 3

thirty year’s war

Question 4

More than 300 states made up this empire

Answer 4

Holy Roman Empire

Question 5

Absolute monarchy

Answer 5

Absolutism

Question 6

King Louis XIII’s chief minister from 1624-1642, initiated policies that eventually strengthened the power of the monarchy

Answer 6

Cardinal Richelieu

Question 7

Took the throne in 1643 at the age of four

Answer 7

king louis XIV of France

Question 8

Versailles was the seat of political power in the Kingdom of France from 1682, when Louis XIV moved the royal court from Paris, until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789, within three months after the beginning of the French Revolution. Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime..

Answer 8

Palace of Versailles

Question 9

a historic state originating out of the Duchy and the Margraviate of Brandenburg

Answer 9

Prussia (Hohenzollern)

Question 10

a

Answer 10

Austria (Hapsburg)

Question 11

a

Answer 11

Russia (Romanov)

Question 12

a

Answer 12

Dutch Republic

Question 13

the first ruler to take the title of tsar, expanded the territories of Russia eastward.

Answer 13

Ivan IV

Question 14

After Ivan IV’s rule

Answer 14

Time of Troubles

Question 15

Tall, strong ruler, enjoyed crude jokes and vicious punishments. Made a trip to the west and returned to Russia with a firm determination to westernize his realm. Admired European technology and gadgets and desired to transplant these to Russia.

Answer 15

Peter the Great

Question 16

A place where men and women could meet, dance, play games, and enjoy conversation together, a unique idea Peter learned in the West.

Answer 16

St. Petersburg

Question 17

Brought the Ottoman Empire back to Europe’s attention.

Answer 17

Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 18

Protestants in the Anglican Church inspired by Calvinist theology.

Answer 18

Puritans

Question 19

A war that went from 1642-1651. stemmed from conflict between Charles I and Parliament over an Irish insurrection.

Answer 19

English Civil War

Question 20

a dedicated Puritan who formed the New Model Army and defeated the forces supporting King Charles I. Unable to work with Parliament, he came to rely on military force to rule England.

Answer 20

Oliver Cromwell

Question 21

the end of the seventeenth-century struggle between king and Parliament.

Answer 21

Glorious Revolution

Question 22

Twelve amendments to the constitution, only ten were ratified by the states and have been known ever since as the bill of rights.

Answer 22

Bill of Rights

Question 23

lived during the English Civil War, alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in his contemporary England.

Answer 23

Thomas Hobbes

Question 24

Theory of knowledge had a great impact on eighteenth century intellectuals. Denied Descartes’ belief in innate ideas. Argued that every person was born with a blank mind. Author of a political work called Two Treatises of Government, viewed the exercise of political power quite differently from Hobbes. Locke believed that humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war.

Answer 24

John Locke

Question 25

Replaced Mannerism, began in Italy in the last quarter of the sixteenth century and spread to the rest of Europe. Embraced by Catholic reform movement.

Answer 25

Baroque

Question 26

Great Protestant Painter of the seventeenth century

Answer 26

Rembrandt van Rijn

Question 27

Play writer

Answer 27

William Shakespeare

Question 28

Wrote, produced, and acted in a series of comedies that often satirized the religious and social world of his time.

Answer 28

Jean-Baptist Moliere

Question 29

The transition from the medieval worldview to a largely secular, rational, and materialistic perspective that began in the seventeenth century and was popularized in the eighteenth.

Answer 29

Scientific Revolution

Question 30

a Greco-Egyptian writer, known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology

Answer 30

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 31

Studied mathematics and astronomy at Krakow in Poland, published his famous book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Heliocentric conception was his idea (sun-centered universe).

Answer 31

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 32

Astrologer, the universe was constructed on the basis of geometric figures. Derived laws of planetary motion that confirmed the heliocentric theory

Answer 32

Johannes Kepler

Question 33

taught mathematics. The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by means of a telescope.

Answer 33

Galileo Galilei

Question 34

Attended Cambridge University. Wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. The laws of gravity. Developed the beginning of the Scientific Method.

Answer 34

Isaac Newton

Question 35

Attended Cambridge University and earned a doctorate in medication. Demonstrated in his book On the Motion of the Heart and Blood that the heart is the beginning point of the circulation of blood in the body and that same blood flows through arteries and veins.

Answer 35

William Harvey

Question 36

Primary figure in the Scientific Revolution. Frenchman that decided that he would accept only things that his reason said were true.

Answer 36

Rene Descartes

Question 37

Frenchman who sought to keep science and religion united.

Answer 37

Blaise Pascal

Question 38

Developed the scientific method and empiricism

Answer 38

Francis Bacon

Question 39

The practice of relying on observation and experiment.

Answer 39

Empiricism

Question 40

Descartes is known as the father of this. A system of thought based on the belief that human reason and experience are the chief sources of knowledge.

Answer 40

Rationalsim

Question 41

An eighteenth century intellectual movement, led by the philosophes, which stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life.

Answer 41

Enlightenment

Question 42

the application of the scientific method to the understanding of all life

Answer 42

Reason

Question 43

Theory of knowledge had a great impact on eighteenth century intellectuals. Denied Descartes' belief in innate ideas. Argued that every person was born with a blank mind. Author of a political work called Two Treatises of Government, viewed the exercise of political power quite differently from Hobbes. Locke believed that humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war.

Answer 43

John Locke

Question 44

literary people, professors, journalists, statesmen, economists, political scientists, and social reformers. Came from both the nobility and the middle class.

Answer 44

Philosophes

Question 45

wrote The Spirit of the Laws a comparative study of governments in which he attempted to apply the scientific method to the social and political arena to ascertain the "natural laws" governing the social relationships of human beings.

Answer 45

Montesquieu

Question 46

The greatest figure of the enlightenment. Studied law, but wished to be a writer and achieved his first success as a playwright.

Answer 46

Voltaire

Question 47

Wrote the Encyclopedia.

Answer 47

Denis Diderot

Question 48

Belief in God as the creator of the universe who, after setting it in motion, ceased to have any direct involvement in it and allowed it to run according to its own natural laws.

Answer 48

Deism

Question 49

Founder of modern discipline of economics.

Answer 49

Adam Smith

Question 50

"Let the people do as they choose"

Answer 50

Laissez-faire

Question 51

Almost entirely self-educated, born in Switzerland, spent his youth wandering and holding various jobs. He believed that what was best for all was best for each individual.

Answer 51

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 52

Rousseau wrote this treatise, written in the form of a novel about the education of children.

Answer 52

Emile

Question 53

wrote the Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Argued that there were contradictions in the views of women held by such Enlightenment thinkers as Rousseau. Women must obey men, was contrary to the beliefs of the same individuals that a system based on the arbitrary power of monarchs over their subjects or slave owners over their slaves was wrong.

Answer 53

Mary Wollstonecroft

Question 54

An eighteenth century artistic movement that emphasized grace, gentility, lightness, and charm

Answer 54

Rococo

Question 55

Born in Germany, wrote music for large public audiences and was not adverse to writing huge, unusual-sounding pieces.

Answer 55

George Frederick Handel

Question 56

Born in Austria, was a child prodigy who gave his first harpsichord concert at 6 and wrote his first opera at 12.

Answer 56

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Question 57

Celebrated in the weeks leading up the beginning of lent. Carnival was a time of great indulgence.

Answer 57

Carnival

Question 58

Founded a religious movement that came to be known as Methodism, loved to preach to the masses.

Answer 58

John Wesley