Ch. 11 & 12 Flashcards
Asia to Europe had the bubonic plague that was spread by the black rats infested with fleas
Black Death
King Philip VI of France seized Gascony in 1337, the duke of Gascony (King Edward III of England) declared war on Philip. War between England and France.
Hundred Years’ War
Experienced visions that made her believe that her favorite saints commanded her to free France and have the dauphin crowned king. She brought the war to a decisive turning point, but did not live to see the end of the war. She was brought up on charges of witchcraft and burned at the stake. Was later made saint of the Roman Catholic Church
Joan of Arc
The representatives of the Shires and Boroughs who were considered less important than the lay and ecclesiastical lords, held collective meetings to decide policy
House of Commons
The great council of barons evolved into a body composed of the chief bishops and abbots of the realm and aristocratic peers whose position in Parliament was hereditary
House of Lords
Document that instated 4 princes and 3 ecclesiastical rulers who served as electors
Golden Bull
The northern Italian State had grown rich from commercial activity in the eastern Mediterranean and northern Europe
Republic of Venice
Part of the Holy Roman Empire but close to France. Many cardinals and the pope lived here which led to highly vocal criticism of both clergy and papacy in the fourteenth century
Avignon
Urban VI and Clement VII were both crowned as pope. This caused great division in the church; Crisis in the late medieval church when there were 3 popes
Great Schism
Saintly demeanor and claims of visions from God. Led the city of Florence to send her on a mission to Pope Gregory XI in Avignon. She told the pope that God has given him authority and he accepted it, so he must use it. Otherwise he should resign since it’d be more honorable to God. Gregory XI returned to Rome and died soon after.
Catherine of Siena
Wrote the Divine Comedy, a poem
Dante Alighieri
Wrote a collection of stories called The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Caucer
Time-keeping devices
Clock
Made by Europeans with gunpowder
Cannon
rebirth of classical culture
Renaissance
A commercial and military league all throughout Europe that traded with Germany.
Hanseatic League
Greatest banking family in Europe
Medici
Written for the people of the court, nobility, and elite. Talks about what the personality/preparation/background of someone who is going to serve as a leader in society.
Book of the Courtier
Lay central in Italy which was mainly under control of the popes.
Italian States
Capital city of France
Florence
Wrote The Prince - written for princes/dukes/rulers. About political philosophy, what the lifestyle of a leader should be, and emphasized separation of church and state. Entered Florence after Medici was expelled and made numerous diplomatic missions.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Italian poet; father of Italian renaissance humanism
Petrarch
Aided development of printing; movable typed Bible
Johannes Gutenberg
Innovators; they wanted to be known and making a living for their art and be recognized for it, whereas before the art was just meant for the church; Leonardo Da Vinci; Raphael; Michelangelo were crucial
Renaissance artists
Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
Leonardo Da Vinci
The School of Athens; painting with Plato and Aristotle; known for his frescoes in the Vatican Palace
Raphael
Created David; The Descent from the Cross (three men helping Christ down from the cross - one of the men’s faces is the artists, which is something that would never happen with Medieval art). Known for the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Northern artist who was greatly affected by the Italians; from Nurembag
Albrecht Durer
Prince of Russia, established the state of Moscow
Ivan III
Eastern Europe led by Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
Created wars, called for the reform in Bohemia when Lollard traveled to English-Bohemia
John Hus
