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Western Civilization (Jackson Spielvogel 8th ed) > Ch. 26-30 > Flashcards

Ch. 26-30 Flashcards

1
Q

was an attempt in 1924 to solve the World War I reparations problem

A

Dawes Plan

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2
Q

the Rhineland Pact between Germany, France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Germany formally recognized its new western borders acted by the Treaty of Versailles

A

Treaty of Locarno

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3
Q

(1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. Began soon after stock market crash

A

Great Depression

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4
Q

an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers’ International (SFIO) and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period.

A

Popular Front

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5
Q

included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term (1933-1937) of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

A

New Deal

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6
Q

Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party. Was Italy’s Prime Minister.

A

Benito Mussolini

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7
Q

a city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy, is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.

A

Vatican City

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8
Q

is a German title meaning leader or guide now most associated with Adolf Hitler

A

Fuhrer

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9
Q

Is an unofficial historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of where its constitutional assembly first took place.

A

Weimar Republic

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10
Q

German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the German Reich, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.

A

Adolph Hitler

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11
Q

political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945

A

Nazi Party

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12
Q

leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953

A

Joseph Stalin

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13
Q

period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one

A

Industrialization

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14
Q

Schutzstaffel; major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers’ Party in Nazi Germany.

A

SS

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15
Q

key ritual in which periodic reviews of members of the Communist Party were conducted to get rid of the “undesirables.”

A

Purges

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16
Q

Spanish general, dictator, and the Caudillo of Spain from 1939 until his death. Conservative monarchist who opposed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 1931. Intending to overthrow the republic, this man and other generals staged a failed coup precipitating the Spanish Civil War. With the death of the other generals, he quickly became his faction’s only leader.

A

Francisco Franco

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17
Q

A prominent Spanish surrealist Painter

A

Salvador Dali

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18
Q

a person of Caucasian race not of Jewish Decent; the preferred race

A

Aryan

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19
Q

These powers consisted of Germany, Japan, and Italy

A

Axis

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20
Q

a policy of forced consolidation of individual peasant households into collective farms called “kolkhozes”

A

Munich Conference

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21
Q

the British prime minister as Great Britain entered World War II. He is known for his policy of “appeasement” toward Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany

A

Neville Chamberlain

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22
Q

An English political leader and author of the twentieth century; he became prime minister shortly after World War II began and served through the end of the war in Europe

A

Winston Churchill

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23
Q

is the common name of the French State, following its relocation to the town of Vichy during WWII

A

Vichy France

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24
Q

the aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht during World War II

A

Luftwaffe

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25
Q

a city in Germany named after Stalin. Was overtaken by the Germans later on in a battle

A

Stalingrad

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26
Q

A historical region and former province of northwest France on the English Channel. Its beaches were the focal point of Allied landings on D-day (June 6, 1944) in World War II

A

Normandy

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27
Q

the United States dropped atomic bombs here

A

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

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28
Q

the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941-45. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, were murdered at concentration camps

A

Holocaust

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29
Q

an industrial town in S Poland; site of a Nazi concentration camp during World War II

A

Auschwitz-Birkenau

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30
Q

the Nazi policy of exterminating European Jews. Introduced by Heinrich Himmler and administered by Adolf Eichmann, the policy resulted in the murder of 6 million Jews in concentration camps between 1941 and 1945

A

Final Solution

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31
Q

the state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990

A

Cold War

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32
Q

Communist area where Germany was

A

Eastern Europe

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33
Q

the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection

A

Truman Doctrine

34
Q

A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II

A

Marshall Plan

35
Q

A military operation in the late 1940s that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by air after the government of East Germany, which at that time surrounded West Berlin ( see Berlin wall ), had cut off its supply routes

A

Berlin Airlift

36
Q

Germany was divided into a Communist state and a non-Communist state by the Berlin Wall

A

West & East Germany

37
Q

a bomb or missile that uses nuclear energy to cause an explosion

A

Nuclear weapons

38
Q

a military alliance of European and North American democracies founded after World War II to strengthen international ties between member states—especially the United States and Europe—and to serve as a counter-balance to the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A

NATO

39
Q

A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Against NATO

A

Warsaw Pact

40
Q

fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)

A

Korean War

41
Q

a Cold War conflict pitting the U.S. and the remnants of the French colonial government in South Vietnam against the indigenous but communist Vietnamese independence movement, the Viet Minh, following the latter’s expulsion of the French in 1954

A

Vietnam War

42
Q

Fortified concrete and wire barrier that separated East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989

A

Berlin Wall

43
Q

A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

44
Q

Many countries became independent after WWII

A

Decolonization

45
Q

the Jewish state in Palestine

A

Israel

46
Q

A political and military organization formed in 1964 to unite various Palestinian Arab groups and ultimately to bring about an independent state of Palestine

A

PLO

47
Q

founder of the People’s Republic of China

A

Mao Zedong

48
Q

After Stalin’s death he became first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party (1953-64) and initiated a policy to remove the influence of Stalin (1956)

A

Nikita Khrushchev

49
Q

A Soviet political leader of the twentieth century. He seized the leadership of the Soviet Communist party from Nikita Khrushchev in 1964

A

Lenoid Brezhnev

50
Q

a nationwide revolt against the government of the Hungarian People’s Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956

A

Hungarian revolt

51
Q

a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II

A

Prague Spring

52
Q

the dominant political leader and grand figurehead of France during and after World War II

A

Charles DeGaulle

53
Q

a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits

A

Welfare State

54
Q

The abbreviation for the European Economic Community. An organization of nations established in 1957 to promote free trade and economic cooperation among the nations of western Europe

A

EEC

55
Q

He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

56
Q

the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system

A

Perestroika

57
Q

Had become united once the Berlin Wall was torn down

A

Germany

58
Q

President of the Russian republic who criticized the slow pace of Mikhail Gorbachev ‘s reforms. In 1991, he successfully led the opposition to an attempted coup by communist hard-liners and became the most powerful person in the former Soviet Union

A

Boris Yeltsin

59
Q

The president of Russia since 2000

A

Vladimir Putin

60
Q

an independent trade union movement in Poland that developed into a mass campaign for political change and inspired popular opposition to communist regimes across eastern Europe during the 1980s

A

Solidarity

61
Q

a Czech writer, philosopher, dissident, and statesman. From 1989 to 1992, he served as the last president of Czechoslovakia

A

Vaclav Havel

62
Q

a Romanian leader whose attempts to fuse nationalism and communism resulted in such a brutal dictatorship that the Romanians overthrew his regime

A

Nicolae Ceausescu

63
Q

formerly, a federal republic in S Europe: since 1992 comprised of Serbia and Montenegro; disbanded into independent countries in 2006

A

Yugoslavia

64
Q

Ethnic Cleansing the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society

A

Ethnic Cleansing

65
Q

an autonomous province of Serbia, in the SW. Had an ethnic cleansing which caused NATO to come in

A

Kosovo

66
Q

A political union, often called the EU, to which the member states of the EEC are evolving

A

European Union

67
Q

the single European currency, which replaced the national currencies of France. Seventeen member states of the European Union now use the euro

A

Euro

68
Q

An English political leader of the twentieth century, who became prime minister of Britain in 1979

A

Margaret Thatcher

69
Q

A political leader of the twentieth century. A member of Congress in the late 1940s, he came to national attention through his strong support for the investigation of the alleged communist Alger Hiss

A

Richard Nixon

70
Q

A political leader of the twentieth century who served as president from 1974 to 1977. He took over from Nixon

A

Gerald Ford

71
Q

American politician and author who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981

A

Jimmy Carter

72
Q

an American politician and actor who was 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989

A

Ronald Reagan

73
Q

He was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993

A

George H. W. Bush

74
Q

American politician who was 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001

A

Bill Clinton

75
Q

American Republican statesman, 43rd president of the US 2001-2009; full name George Walker Bush. He is the son of George Bush

A

George W. Bush

76
Q

a group of Islamic terrorists, widely believed to be part of the Al Qaeda network, hijacked three commercial airliners in midair, took over the controls, and deliberately crashed them into the Pentagon and the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in Manhattan

A

September 11, 2001

77
Q

an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his unique style of drip painting

A

Jackson Pollock

78
Q

French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic

A

Jean-Paul Sartre

79
Q

the first Polish pope and the first non-Italian pope in several centuries. He has traveled extensively to spread the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church

A

John Paul II

80
Q

Ability to rule by decree for for years; proposed by Hitler

A

Enabling Act

Western Civilization (Jackson Spielvogel 8th ed) (14 decks)

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