ch 26 Flashcards by Omar A

Q

Main functions of kidneys?

A

Maintain fluid/electrolyte balance, excrete wastes.

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Q

Function of nephrons?

A

Filter, reabsorb, secrete substances.

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Q

Nephrons removed by 50% causes?

A

Reduced renal reserve.

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Q

Nephrons damaged by 75-90% causes?

A

Serious renal impairment.

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Q

Urinary system structures?

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.

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Q

Kidney location?

A

Retroperitoneal space, under diaphragm.

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Q

Right or left kidney lower?

A

Right kidney.

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Q

External landmark for kidneys?

A

Costovertebral angle (CVA).

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Q

Three main areas of renal parenchyma?

A

Pelvis, medulla, cortex.

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Q

Functional unit of kidney?

A

Nephron.

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Q

Three major nephron functions?

A

Filter, reabsorb, secrete.

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Q

Proximal tubule function?

A

Reabsorbs 2/3 water/electrolytes, all glucose/amino acids.

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Q

Loop of Henle function?

A

Creates concentration gradient.

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Q

Thick ascending limb function?

A

Pumps Na+, K+, Cl-, impermeable to water.

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Q

Distal tubule function?

A

Aldosterone/angiotensin II increase Na+ and water reabsorption.

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Q

Collecting duct cells?

A

Principal (ADH response) and intercalated (acid-base).

Q

GFR determined by?

A

Filtration pressure and membrane surface area.

Q

Glucose/amino acids increase effect?

A

Increase sodium reabsorption.

Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus function?

A

Regulates GFR, releases renin.

Q

Reabsorption/secretion routes?

A

Transcellular and paracellular.

Q

Cause of glycosuria?

A

Exceeding renal glucose threshold.

Q

Renal threshold definition?

A

Point when glucose appears in urine.

Q

Acid-base regulation by kidneys?

A

Excrete H+, reabsorb bicarbonate.

Q

Potassium secretion regulated by?

A

Na+-K+ pump and plasma K+ levels.

Another name for ADH?

Vasopressin.

ADH effect?

Increases collecting tubule water permeability.

Hormones increasing Na+/water reabsorption?

Aldosterone and angiotensin II.

Hormones inhibiting reabsorption?

Natriuretic peptides, urodilatin.

Kidney endocrine functions?

Secrete erythropoietin and active vitamin D.

Erythropoietin role?

Stimulates RBC production.

Active vitamin D role?

Calcium absorption from intestines.