ch 23

Question 1

Main feature of restrictive pulmonary disorders?

Answer 1

Decreased lung expansion.

Question 2

Four classifications of restrictive disorders?

Answer 2

Lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall, neuromuscular function.

Question 3

PFT finding in restrictive disease?

Answer 3

Decreased vital capacity, TLC, diffusion capacity.

Question 4

ABG findings in restrictive disease?

Answer 4

Low PaO2, normal/low PaCO2, increased pH.

Question 5

Severity of disease linked to?

Answer 5

Degree of lung volume decrease.

Question 6

Interstitial lung disease feature?

Answer 6

Thickened alveolar walls with fibrosis.

Question 7

Untreated interstitial lung disease leads to?

Answer 7

Irreversible fibrosis.

Question 8

Diffuse interstitial lung disease feature?

Answer 8

Alveolar wall thickening.

Question 9

Diffuse interstitial lung disease pathogenesis?

Answer 9

Injury, inflammation, fibrosis, destruction.

Question 10

Honeycomb lung?

Answer 10

Cystic air spaces from fibrosis.

Question 11

Clinical signs of diffuse interstitial lung disease?

Answer 11

Progressive dyspnea, dry cough, clubbing.

Question 12

Diffuse interstitial lung disease diagnosis?

Answer 12

PFTs, chest X-ray, biopsy.

Question 13

Diffuse interstitial lung disease treatment?

Answer 13

Avoid cause, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants.

Question 14

Sarcoidosis etiology?

Answer 14

Unknown, idiopathic granulomatous disease.

Question 15

Acute vs chronic sarcoidosis?

Answer 15

Acute self-resolves; chronic progressive.

Question 16

Sarcoidosis pathogenesis?

Answer 16

Immune granuloma formation in lungs/lymph nodes.

Question 17

Sarcoidosis clinical signs?

Answer 17

Erythema nodosum, eye issues, cough, dyspnea.

Question 18

Sarcoidosis diagnosis?

Answer 18

Chest X-ray, biopsy: noncaseating granulomas.

Question 19

Sarcoidosis treatment?

Answer 19

Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants if needed.

Question 20

ARDS meaning?

Answer 20

Acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Question 21

ARDS key features?

Answer 21

Alveolar-capillary damage, severe hypoxemia.

Question 22

ARDS causes?

Answer 22

Sepsis, trauma, pneumonia, aspiration.

Question 23

ARDS pathogenesis?

Answer 23

Inflammation, protein leakage, atelectasis.

Question 24

ARDS early signs?

Answer 24

Rapid breathing, dyspnea, low PaO2.

Question 25

ARDS late signs?

Answer 25

Hypoxemia refractory to oxygen, crackles.

Question 26

ARDS chest X-ray finding?

Answer 26

Diffuse white-out appearance.

Question 27

ARDS treatment?

Answer 27

Mechanical ventilation with PEEP, treat cause.

Question 28

Poliomyelitis virus attacks?

Answer 28

Motor neurons in spinal cord/brainstem.

Question 29

US cases of polio yearly?

Answer 29

0 due to vaccination.

Question 30

Polio clinical signs?

Answer 30

Fever, fatigue, paralysis.

Question 31

ALS gender ratio?

Answer 31

Male > female.

Question 32

ALS disease type?

Answer 32

Degenerative motor neuron disease.

Question 33

ALS motor neuron targets?

Answer 33

Upper and lower motor neurons.

Question 34

ALS progression?

Answer 34

Muscle weakness and wasting.

Question 35

Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Answer 35

X-linked hereditary muscle disorder.

Question 36

Duchenne first muscle weakness?

Answer 36

Pelvic and shoulder muscles.

Question 37

Respiratory involvement in Duchenne?

Answer 37

Occurs in 20s-30s, leads to failure.

Question 38

Guillain-Barre syndrome feature?

Answer 38

Demyelination of peripheral nerves.

Question 39

Guillain-Barre trigger?

Answer 39

Viral infection.

Question 40

Guillain-Barre signs?

Answer 40

Ascending paralysis, respiratory weakness.

Question 41

Myasthenia gravis hallmark?

Answer 41

Weakness of voluntary muscles.

Question 42

Myasthenia worsens with?

Answer 42

Activity.

Question 43

Myasthenia improves with?

Answer 43

Rest.

Question 44

Myasthenia cause of failure?

Answer 44

Respiratory muscle weakness.

Question 45

Pneumonia site?

Answer 45

Lung parenchyma infection.

Question 46

Pneumonia causes?

Answer 46

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, aspiration.

Question 47

Nosocomial pneumonia?

Answer 47

Hospital-acquired lung infection.

Question 48

High-risk pneumonia groups?

Answer 48

Elderly, chronically ill, hospitalized.

Question 49

Pneumonia pathogenesis?

Answer 49

Inflammation, alveolar filling.

Question 50

Pneumonia type without exudate?

Answer 50

Viral pneumonia.

Question 51

Pneumonia symptoms?

Answer 51

Cough, fever, dyspnea, chest pain.

Question 52

Pneumonia diagnosis?

Answer 52

Chest X-ray, sputum culture, CURB-65 score.

Question 53

CURB-65 used for?

Answer 53

Assessing pneumonia severity.

Question 54

Pneumonia treatment?

Answer 54

Antibiotics, oxygen, fluids.