ch 24

Question 1

Body fluid flows in?

Answer 1

Arteries, veins, lymph vessels.

Question 2

Body fluids secreted into?

Answer 2

Joints, cerebral ventricles, intestinal lumen.

Question 3

Functions of body fluid?

Answer 3

Transport, temperature regulation, lubrication.

Question 4

Two major body fluid compartments?

Answer 4

Intracellular (2/3), extracellular (1/3).

Question 5

Extracellular fluid in infants?

Answer 5

Higher than in adults.

Question 6

Percentage of body water in infants?

Answer 6

0.75

Question 7

Percentage in adult men?

Answer 7

0.6

Question 8

Percentage in adult women?

Answer 8

0.5

Question 9

Processes of fluid homeostasis?

Answer 9

Intake, absorption, distribution, excretion.

Question 10

Triggers for thirst?

Answer 10

Increased osmolality, low blood volume.

Question 11

Capillary osmotic pressure?

Answer 11

Pulls fluid into capillaries.

Question 12

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 12

Pushes fluid outward from capillaries.

Question 13

Fluid moves between compartments by?

Answer 13

Osmosis.

Question 14

Cell membranes permeable to?

Answer 14

Water, not electrolytes.

Question 15

Water moves to?

Answer 15

Higher osmolality.

Question 16

Urinary tract fluid excretion?

Answer 16

Largest volume excreted.

Question 17

Bowel fluid excretion increases with?

Answer 17

Diarrhea.

Question 18

Hormones controlling urine fluid excretion?

Answer 18

ADH, aldosterone, natriuretic peptides.

Question 19

ADH is a _____ hormone?

Answer 19

Water retention.

Question 20

Aldosterone function?

Answer 20

Retains sodium and water.

Question 21

Main stimulus for aldosterone release?

Answer 21

Angiotensin II or increased potassium.

Question 22

Urine volume depends on?

Answer 22

Blood pressure, GFR.

Question 23

Abnormal fluid loss routes?

Answer 23

Emesis, hemorrhage, fistulas, drainage.

Question 24

Fluid volume deficit?

Answer 24

Loss of sodium-containing fluid.

Question 25

ECF sodium concentration in deficit?

Answer 25

Normal.

Question 26

Deficit clinical signs?

Answer 26

Weight loss, hypotension, dizziness, dry membranes.

Question 27

Fluid volume excess?

Answer 27

Retention of sodium and water.

Question 28

Excess clinical signs?

Answer 28

Edema, weight gain, dyspnea, crackles.

Question 29

ADH and aldosterone in excess?

Answer 29

Increased secretion.

Question 30

Body fluid concentration disorder?

Answer 30

Sodium imbalance.

Question 31

Hyponatremia definition?

Answer 31

Low sodium, cells swell.

Question 32

Hyponatremia causes?

Answer 32

Excess water, sodium loss.

Question 33

Hyponatremia mild signs?

Answer 33

Malaise, nausea, headache.

Question 34

Hyponatremia severe signs?

Answer 34

Confusion, seizures, coma.

Question 35

Hypernatremia definition?

Answer 35

High sodium, cells shrink.

Question 36

Hypernatremia causes?

Answer 36

Water loss or sodium gain.

Question 37

Hypernatremia mild signs?

Answer 37

Thirst, confusion.

Question 38

Hypernatremia severe signs?

Answer 38

Seizures, coma, death.

Question 39

Clinical dehydration?

Answer 39

ECF deficit + hypernatremia.

Question 40

Dehydration causes?

Answer 40

Vomiting, diarrhea, poor intake.

Question 41

Edema definition?

Answer 41

Excess fluid in interstitial space.

Question 42

Edema causes?

Answer 42

Increased capillary pressure, inflammation, low protein.

Question 43

Electrolytes are?

Answer 43

Ionized salts in water.

Question 44

Main electrolytes?

Answer 44

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, phosphate.

Question 45

Electrolyte control processes?

Answer 45

Intake, absorption, distribution, excretion.

Question 46

Excess electrolyte causes?

Answer 46

Increased intake, absorption, or decreased excretion.

Question 47

Electrolyte deficit causes?

Answer 47

Decreased intake, absorption, or increased excretion.

Question 48

Hypokalemia potassium level?

Answer 48

<3.5 mEq/L.

Question 49

Hypokalemia etiology?

Answer 49

Low intake, shift into cells, increased excretion.

Question 50

Hypokalemia signs?

Answer 50

Weakness, cramps, cardiac dysrhythmia.

Question 51

Hyperkalemia potassium level?

Answer 51

>5 mEq/L.

Question 52

Hyperkalemia etiology?

Answer 52

Excess intake, shift out of cells, decreased excretion.

Question 53

Hyperkalemia signs?

Answer 53

Muscle weakness, cramps, cardiac arrest.